What is html dom object

JavaScript HTML DOM

With the HTML DOM, JavaScript can access and change all the elements of an HTML document.

The HTML DOM (Document Object Model)

When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.

The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects:

The HTML DOM Tree of Objects

With the object model, JavaScript gets all the power it needs to create dynamic HTML:

• JavaScript can change all the HTML elements in the page
• JavaScript can change all the HTML attributes in the page
• JavaScript can change all the CSS styles in the page
• JavaScript can remove existing HTML elements and attributes
• JavaScript can add new HTML elements and attributes
• JavaScript can react to all existing HTML events in the page
• JavaScript can create new HTML events in the page

What You Will Learn

In the next chapters of this tutorial you will learn:

• How to change the content of HTML elements
• How to change the style (CSS) of HTML elements
• How to react to HTML DOM events
• How to add and delete HTML elements

What is the DOM?

The DOM is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard.

The DOM defines a standard for accessing documents:

«The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document.»

The W3C DOM standard is separated into 3 different parts:

• Core DOM — standard model for all document types
• XML DOM — standard model for XML documents
• HTML DOM — standard model for HTML documents

What is the HTML DOM?

The HTML DOM is a standard object model and programming interface for HTML. It defines:

• The HTML elements as objects
• The properties of all HTML elements
• The methods to access all HTML elements
• The events for all HTML elements

In other words: The HTML DOM is a standard for how to get, change, add, or delete HTML elements.

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Document Object Model (DOM)

The Document Object Model (DOM) connects web pages to scripts or programming languages by representing the structure of a document—such as the HTML representing a web page—in memory. Usually it refers to JavaScript, even though modeling HTML, SVG, or XML documents as objects are not part of the core JavaScript language.

The DOM represents a document with a logical tree. Each branch of the tree ends in a node, and each node contains objects. DOM methods allow programmatic access to the tree. With them, you can change the document’s structure, style, or content.

Nodes can also have event handlers attached to them. Once an event is triggered, the event handlers get executed.

To learn more about what the DOM is and how it represents documents, see our article Introduction to the DOM.

DOM interfaces

Obsolete DOM interfaces

The Document Object Model has been highly simplified. To achieve this, the following interfaces present in the different DOM level 3 or earlier specifications have been removed. It is uncertain whether some may be reintroduced in the future or not, but for the time being they should be considered obsolete and should be avoided:

• DOMConfiguration
• DOMErrorHandler
• DOMImplementationList
• DOMImplementationRegistry
• DOMImplementationSource
• DOMLocator
• DOMObject
• DOMSettableTokenList
• DOMUserData
• ElementTraversal
• Entity
• EntityReference
• NameList
• Notation
• TypeInfo
• UserDataHandler

HTML DOM

A document containing HTML is described using the Document interface, which is extended by the HTML specification to include various HTML-specific features. In particular, the Element interface is enhanced to become HTMLElement and various subclasses, each representing one of (or a family of closely related) elements.

The HTML DOM API provides access to various browser features such as tabs and windows, CSS styles and stylesheets, browser history, and so forth. These interfaces are discussed further in the HTML DOM API documentation.

SVG interfaces

SVG element interfaces

• SVGAElement
• SVGAnimationElement
• SVGAnimateElement
• SVGAnimateColorElement Deprecated
• SVGAnimateMotionElement
• SVGAnimateTransformElement
• SVGCircleElement
• SVGClipPathElement
• SVGComponentTransferFunctionElement
• SVGCursorElement
• SVGDefsElement
• SVGDescElement
• SVGElement
• SVGEllipseElement
• SVGFEBlendElement
• SVGFEColorMatrixElement
• SVGFEComponentTransferElement
• SVGFECompositeElement
• SVGFEConvolveMatrixElement
• SVGFEDiffuseLightingElement
• SVGFEDisplacementMapElement
• SVGFEDistantLightElement
• SVGFEDropShadowElement
• SVGFEFloodElement
• SVGFEFuncAElement
• SVGFEFuncBElement
• SVGFEFuncGElement
• SVGFEFuncRElement
• SVGFEGaussianBlurElement
• SVGFEImageElement
• SVGFEMergeElement
• SVGFEMergeNodeElement
• SVGFEMorphologyElement
• SVGFEOffsetElement
• SVGFEPointLightElement
• SVGFESpecularLightingElement
• SVGFESpotLightElement
• SVGFETileElement
• SVGFETurbulenceElement
• SVGFilterElement
• SVGFilterPrimitiveStandardAttributes
• SVGFontElement Deprecated
• SVGFontFaceElement Deprecated
• SVGFontFaceFormatElement Deprecated
• SVGFontFaceNameElement Deprecated
• SVGFontFaceSrcElement Deprecated
• SVGFontFaceUriElement Deprecated
• SVGForeignObjectElement
• SVGGElement
• SVGGeometryElement
• SVGGlyphElement Deprecated
• SVGGlyphRefElement Deprecated
• SVGGradientElement
• SVGGraphicsElement
• SVGHatchElement Experimental
• SVGHatchpathElement Experimental
• SVGHKernElement Deprecated
• SVGImageElement
• SVGLinearGradientElement
• SVGLineElement
• SVGMarkerElement Experimental
• SVGMaskElement
• SVGMetadataElement
• SVGMissingGlyphElement Deprecated
• SVGMPathElement
• SVGPathElement
• SVGPatternElement
• SVGPolylineElement
• SVGPolygonElement
• SVGRadialGradientElement
• SVGRectElement
• SVGScriptElement
• SVGSetElement
• SVGStopElement
• SVGStyleElement
• SVGSVGElement
• SVGSwitchElement
• SVGSymbolElement
• SVGTextContentElement
• SVGTextElement
• SVGTextPathElement
• SVGTextPositioningElement
• SVGTitleElement
• SVGTRefElement Deprecated
• SVGTSpanElement
• SVGUseElement
• SVGViewElement
• SVGVKernElement Deprecated

SVG data type interfaces

Here are the DOM APIs for data types used in the definitions of SVG properties and attributes.

Static type

• SVGAngle
• SVGColor Deprecated
• SVGICCColor Deprecated
• SVGElementInstance
• SVGElementInstanceList
• SVGLength
• SVGLengthList
• SVGNameList
• SVGNumber
• SVGNumberList
• SVGPaint
• SVGPathSeg Deprecated
• SVGPathSegClosePath Deprecated
• SVGPathSegMovetoAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegMovetoRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoCubicAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoCubicRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoQuadraticAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoQuadraticRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegArcAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegArcRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoHorizontalAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoHorizontalRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoVerticalAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegLinetoVerticalRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoCubicSmoothAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoCubicSmoothRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoQuadraticSmoothAbs Deprecated
• SVGPathSegCurvetoQuadraticSmoothRel Deprecated
• SVGPathSegList Deprecated
• SVGPoint Deprecated
• SVGPointList Deprecated
• SVGPreserveAspectRatio
• SVGRect Deprecated
• SVGStringList
• SVGTransform
• SVGTransformList

Animated type

• SVGAnimatedAngle
• SVGAnimatedBoolean
• SVGAnimatedEnumeration
• SVGAnimatedInteger
• SVGAnimatedLength
• SVGAnimatedLengthList
• SVGAnimatedNumber
• SVGAnimatedNumberList
• SVGAnimatedPathData Deprecated
• SVGAnimatedPoints
• SVGAnimatedPreserveAspectRatio
• SVGAnimatedRect
• SVGAnimatedString
• SVGAnimatedTransformList

SMIL-related interfaces

Other SVG interfaces

• GetSVGDocument
• ShadowAnimation
• SVGColorProfileRule Deprecated
• SVGCSSRule Deprecated
• SVGDocument
• SVGException Deprecated
• SVGFitToViewBox
• SVGLocatable Deprecated
• SVGRenderingIntent Deprecated
• SVGUnitTypes
• SVGUseElementShadowRoot
• SVGViewSpec Deprecated
• SVGZoomEvent Deprecated

Specifications

See also

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What is the HTML DOM?

The HTML DOM is an Object Model for HTML. It defines:

• HTML elements as objects
• Properties for all HTML elements
• Methods for all HTML elements
• Events for all HTML elements

The HTML DOM is an API (Programming Interface) for JavaScript:

• JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML elements
• JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML attributes
• JavaScript can add/change/remove CSS styles
• JavaScript can react to HTML events
• JavaScript can add/change/remove HTML events

The HTML DOM (Document Object Model)

When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.

The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects:

The HTML DOM Tree of Objects

Finding HTML Elements

When you want to access HTML elements with JavaScript, you have to find the elements first.

There are a couple of ways to do this:

• Finding HTML elements by id
• Finding HTML elements by tag name
• Finding HTML elements by class name
• Finding HTML elements by CSS selectors
• Finding HTML elements by HTML object collections

Finding HTML Element by Id

The easiest way to find an HTML element in the DOM, is by using the element id.

This example finds the element with >

Example

If the element is found, the method will return the element as an object (in myElement).

If the element is not found, myElement will contain null.

Finding HTML Elements by Tag Name

This example finds all

elements:

Example

This example finds the element with and then finds all

elements inside «main»:

Example

Finding HTML Elements by Class Name

If you want to find all HTML elements with the same class name, use getElementsByClassName().

This example returns a list of all elements with >

Example

Finding elements by class name does not work in Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions.

Finding HTML Elements by CSS Selectors

If you want to find all HTML elements that matches a specified CSS selector (id, class names, types, attributes, values of attributes, etc), use the querySelectorAll() method.

This example returns a list of all

elements with >

Example

The querySelectorAll() method does not work in Internet Explorer 8 and earlier versions.

Finding HTML Elements by HTML Object Collections

HTML object collections are also accessible:

Full HTMLDOM Tutorial

This has been a short introduction to HTMLDOM.

For a full HTMLDOM tutorial go to W3Schools HTMLDOM Tutorial.

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