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Getting Started with WebDriver in Java Using IntelliJ on Windows

In this article we’ll show you how to run Selenium WebDriver in Java using IntelliJ on Windows.

IntelliJ is a popular, widely used Java Integrated Development Environment (IDE) made by JetBrains. It’s available for OS X and Windows. In this article, we’ll show you how to install it on Windows, add all the Selenium dependencies, and make a simple Java project that drives a test browser.

For an overview of how Selenium WebDriver works, see the blog post Getting Started with Webdriver/Selenium for Java in Eclipse.

What You Need to Run WebDriver Tests in Java Using IntelliJ

To create and run WebDriver tests in Java using IntelliJ you’ll need the following components:

Java

Naturally WebDriver’s Java bindings require a version of Java to be on the system you’re running your tests from. WebDriver’s Java bindings require only the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), but you’ll be fine if you have either the Java Development Kit (JDK) or JRE installed.

There are also different versions for Enterprise, SE, and other Java JRE/JDKs. You can get Java from its download site.

We’ll skip walking through Java installation in this article since it will vary based on the version you select. If you need advice, as of this writing, use Java 8 Windows x84.

IntelliJ

IntelliJ IDEA comes in two releases: Ultimate, a commercial product that supports a wide range of development scenarios, and Community, a free version for Java Virtual Machine and Android development. Both releases are available on the Mac, Linux, and Windows platforms. All variants are available for download from IntelliJ’s homepage.

This article will use the Community variant on Windows 10.

Installing IntelliJ is a matter of following instructions for the version you’ve downloaded. Starting IntelliJ the first time will prompt you for various defaults (locations, keyboard mappings, etc.). This article uses all default settings.

Creating The Project

At startup IntelliJ will prompt you for basic actions—you can choose Create New Project right from the opening screen.

For this example choose the simple Java project with none of the additional library options selected and click Next.

In the next, screen leave the Create project from template checkbox cleared and click Next.

Give the project a good name and select a directory to store your project.

At this point you’re at the IntelliJ project’s home.

Adding Maven to IntelliJ

If you want to use Maven as your dependency manager (and if you don’t know, then use Maven), you’ll need to add it. To do so right click on the project name in the top-left and click “Add Framework Support”, as in the example below.

Select Maven and click Ok.

The software should bring you to the Maven import XML screen. Click in the bottom-left to add the XML file to your project.

We’ll add some XML code to the file, after and before . Here’s the code to add:

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dependencies> 
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dependency> 
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groupId>org.junit.jupitergroupId> 
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artifactId>junit-jupiter-apiartifactId> 
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version>5.1.0version> 
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scope>testscope> 
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dependency> 
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dependency> 
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groupId>org.seleniumhq.seleniumgroupId> 
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artifactId>selenium-javaartifactId> 
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version>3.141.59version> 
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dependency> 
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dependencies>

This code adds a new structure, called “dependencies”, and then two dependencies — Junit 5.1 (“Jupiter”) and selenium-java. Both of these are registered with Maven. adding them to the POM, the project becomes aware of them and can use the code libraries as they were part of the project.

Browse Drive Engine

Finally, we’ll need to set up the browser driver engine. In the case of Chrome, this is a Windows executable file called ChromeDriver.exe. The Java code will call this program, and the program will manipulate the browser through it’s automation engine. Firefox, Safari, and InternetExplorer/Edge all have a similar executable file. You’ll save the file in a particular directory, then tell the Java code how to find the driver. In this case, download ChromeDriver. I‘ve downloaded the zipfile, expanded it, and put it in my “home” directory which is C:\users\matt. You’ll see that in the sample code below.

Load Libraries Into IntelliJ

Download the Java WebDriver bindings and the standalone server (selenium-server-standalone-3.4.0.jar and selenium-java-3.4.0.zip, e.g.) and save them to a handy spot. I generally include a “libs” folder in my projects for external libraries like this.

Depending on your architecture you may need to unzip the zip file.

Use File => Project Structure to get the Project Structure dialog open, then select the Modules menu on the left. Click the Dependencies tab on the right, then use the “+” icon and add in the directory you saved the Selenium files to—”libs” in this example.

Here’s what the dialog looks like when you’re done.

Adding The Firefox Driver Proxy

As noted in the WebDriver Overview in the first post of this series, you’ll need to have a proxy for your test to talk to the actual browser. This example uses Firefox, so you’ll need to grab the appropriate proxy. Proxies for all WebDriver-supported browsers are listed on the SeleniumHQ’s list of Third Party Drivers. Firefox’s driver is part of Mozilla’s Gecko Driver releases. Make sure to grab the driver that’s appropriate for the version of Windows you’re running (x32, x64).

Download the zip file and extract the driver to a location on your system. You’ll need to add that location to your system’s PATH environment variable.

Important Note: You will likely need to restart your editor in order for changes to the PATH environment to take effect.

Writing Your First Test

WebDriver doesn’t know how to do anything other than talk to the browser driver. As a result, you’ll need some sort of test framework to execute your tests, make assertions, and report test status. We’ll use JUnit because 0) it’s very popular, 1) it’s simple to use, and 2) it’s included in IntelliJ by default! There are many other test frameworks for the Java platform.

Add a new Java file by right-clicking the project, then selecting New => Java Class.

Give the class file a good, clear name and click OK.

Now it’s time to transform that simple class file in to a JUnit test class. As with all IDEs, IntelliJ gives you multiple ways to do the same action. You can use menu actions, or IntelliJ’s “intention action” to both import JUnit libraries to the project and reference them correctly in the class file. Place the cursor on the class name, then use opt-Enter to call up the “intention action” menu. Select the Create Test option.

You’ll likely see a warning stating “No Test Root found.” This relates to the completely flat project structure we’re using for this extremely simple demo. For production work ensure you’re following your team’s proper structure! Dismiss this warning and carry on.

Next you’ll see the Create Test dialog. Select JUnit 5 in the Testing Library drop down. Note there’s a warning that no test library can be found. Use the Fix button to resolve the issue by calling up a sub-dialog. Select the button to use the JUnit library that comes with IntelliJ and click OK twice to close the dialogs.

A Simple Test

Below is a complete test case that starts a browser locally, executes a very simple test, then closes out the browser instance. The example is extremely simple and doesn’t follow normal practices like using Page Object Patterns. This is example code, not production code!

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import static org.junit.Assert.*;
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
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import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
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import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
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import org.junit.Test;
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public class CheckSauceLabsHomePageTest 
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 @Test
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 public void site_header_is_on_home_page() 
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 WebDriver browser;
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 //Firefox's geckodriver *requires* you to specify its location.
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 System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "c:\\utils\\geckodriver.exe");
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 browser = new FirefoxDriver();
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 browser.get("http://saucelabs.com");
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 WebElement header = browser.findElement(By.id("site-header"));
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 assertTrue((header.isDisplayed()));
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 browser.close();
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 >
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>

Running The Test

Running the test is simple: Use the right-click context menu from the test method’s signature, or use Ctrl-Shift-R to run the test.

You’ll see the browser start, work through the test steps, and finally the green indicator in the Test Results pane.

Wrapping It Up

In this post you learned a bit about the different versions of IntelliJ, where to find the free Community version, how to create a basic project and add the various WebDriver pieces necessary for Java WebDriver tests, and we showed you an extremely simple test. All this was done on the Windows 10 platform.

Good luck with your explorations of WebDriver!

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Selenium

Selenium is a framework for automating tests in web applications.

Selenium support allows you to create a dedicated project for automated tests in Java, Kotlin, Groovy, and Python. You can choose Maven or Gradle for dependency management. For managing test cases, you can select TestNG or JUnit.

In order to use Selenium support, make sure that the Selenium UI Testing plugin is installed and enabled.

Selenium UI Testing plugin provides code highlighting, inspections and code completion in tests, validation for various configuration files, and icons in the gutter for easier navigation. For a full description of features, refer to Introducing Selenium Support in IntelliJ IDEA.

Install the Selenium UI Testing plugin

1. In the Settings dialog ( Ctrl+Alt+S ), select Plugins .
2. Switch to the Marketplace tab, type Selenium UI Testing , and click Install .
3. Apply the changes and close the dialog. Restart the IDE if prompted.

Create a new Selenium project

1. From the main menu, select File | New | Project . Otherwise, if you’re on the Welcome screen, click New Project .
2. From the list on the left, select Selenium .
3. Name the new project and change its location if necessary.
4. Select the Create Git repository to place the new project under version control. You will be able to do it later at any time.
5. From the Language list, select the language that you want to use in your application.
6. Select the build system that you want to use in your project: Maven or Gradle.
7. From the JDK list, select the JDK that you want to use in your project. If the JDK is installed on your computer, but not defined in the IDE, select Add JDK and specify the path to the JDK home directory. If you don’t have the necessary JDK on your computer, select Download JDK .
8. Optionally, enable the Add sample code option and click Next .
9. Select other frameworks and libraries that you want to install. This step is optional. You will be able to add the necessary libraries any time later. Click Create

A new project is created with a predefined folder structure according to the options that you have selected and adds a source and a test file.

Coding assistance for CSS and XPath

Selenium UI Testing plugin provides coding assistance for XPath and CSS, which are used in Selenium API as well as in many other libraries for UI testing. This includes syntax error highlighting in selectors as you type and code completion for standard CSS/HTML elements.

Selenium UI Testing plugin also provides coding assistance for JavaScript fragments, HTML tags and CSS properties, Selenium Grid 3 configuration files, Selenoid configuration files, and Allure Framework annotations. For more information, refer to Introducing Selenium Support in IntelliJ IDEA.

Run your tests

Place the caret at the test class to run all tests in that class, or at the test method, and press Ctrl+Shift+F10 . Alternatively, click the gutter icon next to the test class or test method. For more information, refer to Run tests.

When the tests finish running, the results are displayed on the Test Runner tab of the Run tool window. On this tab, you can rerun tests, export and import test results, see how much time it took to run each test, and so on. For more information, refer to Explore test results.

Use Selenoid for cross-browser testing

Selenoid is an implementation of the Selenium hub for Docker, which allows you to execute automated tests on web browsers running in Docker containers. For each test, Selenoid creates a container with the specified web browser, environment, and settings.

Run Selenoid on Docker

1. Open the browsers.json file in the editor.
2. On the panel above the editor, click Launch .

The IDE will pull all the required containers with the browsers, and run the main Selenoid container to manage them.

There are additional options available in the Selenoid run configuration settings, such as output destination folders for logs and videos. To access these options, click Configure on the pane above the editor when the browsers.json file is opened. For the detailed description of the options, refer to Docker run configurations.

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