This is a test HTML email

PHP Mail Configuration

In the previous lesson, we used mail() to send mail in PHP. That lesson assumes that your PHP installation is configured for sending mail. If your system isn’t configured for sending mail, all is not lost — you can change the configuration.

The php.ini File

The php.ini file is where you configure your PHP installation. This is the file you need to edit in order to configure PHP to send mail.

You need to ensure that the php.ini file contains details of the mail server that should be used whenever your application sends mail.

To check/change your PHP mail configuration:

1. Open your php.ini file (if you don’t know where this is, see below)
2. Search for the line that reads [mail function]
3. Add/change the details of your mail server. This could be a local mail server or the mail server of your ISP.
4. Save/close the php.ini file
5. Restart your web server

Here’s an example of what the mail settings could look like when you first open the php.ini file:

If you’re using a UNIX based system, you will need to change the line that reads ;sendmail_path = . You will also need to remove the semicolon from the start of this line (semicolons indicate that the line is a comment). For example, sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail .

If you’re using a Windows system, you should change the line that reads SMTP = localhost to include your mail server (or your ISP’s mail server). You could leave it at localhost if you’re using your own local SMTP server. If you aren’t using your own local SMTP server, you will need to enter a mail server that you have access to (such as your ISP’s mail server). For example, SMTP = mail.earthlink.net .

You should also set a default «From» email address by changing the line that reads ;sendmail_from = [email protected] . For example, sendmail_from = [email protected] .

Don’t Know Your php.ini Location or sendmail_path Path?

If you don’t know where your php.ini is, or what your sendmail_path setting should be, read on.

Your php.ini may be located here: /private/etc/php.ini . And there’s a chance that your sendmail path will be at /usr/sbin/sendmail ). Having said this, each PHP installation is different, so you should check using phpinfo() .

Fortunately, this is easy to do.

phpinfo() is used to view your PHP configuration details. You can do this by creating a .php file with the following line on it: . When you run this in your browser, you will see a full list of PHP configuration variables. Simply search for the lines that contain php.ini and sendmail_path to see the values you need to use.

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Configuring php to send mail

Dibya Sahoo🥑

Published on 2019-10-16· Updated on 2021-12-15

The author voluntarily contributed this tutorial as a part of Pepipost Write to Contribute program.

Introduction

PHP comes with a default function mail() that allows you to sendmail directly from a PHP script. Here in this tutorial, we will be talking about the prerequisites to sending a mail directly from a PHP script, the syntax, and its parameters.

Prerequisites

• PHP4, PHP 5 or PHP 7
• PHP configured to sendmail. In case your PHP setup is not configured for sending email to the outside world, then please refer the steps mentioned at the end of this article.

Syntax

mail (to,subject,message,headers,parameters);

Parameters

to
String | Required
The email address of the recipient.
Note: The must comply with RFC 2822. You can pass one email address or multiple using comma-separated.
Few sample examples of how the values will look like:

subject
String | Required
The subject line of the email to be sent.
Note, the subject must comply with RFC 2047.

message
String | Required
The content of the mail that you want to send. Each line of the email should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n) and each line should not exceed 70 characters.
In case of Windows machine, when PHP is connecting to an SMTP server to sendmail, it removes a full stop which is found at the start of a line. To resolve this, replace the dot with a double dot, using the below code:

additional_headers
mixed (String or Array) | Optional
This parameter is used to pass any additional email headers like From, Cc and Bcc. Each additional headers should be separated with a CRLF (\r\n).
Note: While sending the email, make sure there is a From header. You can set the From header, either by using the additional_headers parameter or, you can also set a default value in php.ini.

additional_parameters
String | Optional
This additional_parameter can be used to pass additional flags to the Sendmail program as configured in the sendmail_path configuration setting. For example; you can use this parameter to set the envelope sender address when using Sendmail with -f option. PHP by default internally escape the values coming in this parameter with escapeshellcmd() to prevent any potential command execution.

Return Value

mail() function returns TRUE if the SMTP server successfully accepted the mail for delivery, else FALSE.

Getting TRUE doesn’t necessarily mean that the email is delivered to the recipient’s server. TRUE is just an indication that your mail has successfully submitted to the SMTP server’s queue for sending.
Returns TRUE if the mail was successfully accepted for delivery, FALSE otherwise.
It is important to note that just because the mail was accepted for delivery, it does NOT mean the mail will reach the intended destination.

Note: mail() function will not work in Local server. A server connected to the internet and SMTP ports opened will be required to send mail.

Few Use Cases and Working Examples

1. How to send an HTML mail

[email protected], [email protected]"; $subject = "This is a test HTML email"; $message = "    
Test email. Please ignore.
   "; // It is mandatory to set the content-type when sending HTML email $headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n"; $headers .= "Content-type:text/html;charset=UTF-8" . "\r\n"; // More headers. From is required, rest other headers are optional $headers .= 'From: [email protected]>' . "\r\n"; $headers .= 'Cc: [email protected]' . "\r\n"; mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers); ?>

2. How to sendmail with an additional command line parameter.
As described above, for this use case, you need to use the additional_parameters parameter to pass an additional parameter to the program configured to used when sending mail using the sendmail_path.

[email protected]', 'This is a test subject line', 'The complete body of the message', null, '[email protected]'); ?>

Common Errors/Exceptions with PHP sendmail function

1. Unable to send a large volume of emails using mail() function
   Using a mail() function is not recommended for sending large volume emails, because it opens and closes an SMTP socket connection for each email. This is really not very efficient.
   If you want to send a large amount of emails in PHP, then it is recommended to refer PEAR::Mail, and PEAR::Mail_Queue packages or use some good Email Service Provider which can help you scale your email volume.
2. Not receiving emails sent through PHP mail() function
   While there can be N number of reason for the failure, but one the wried problem which many encounters is with the Unix mail transfer agents, which replace LF by CRLF automatically, which leads to doubling CR if CRLF is already used in your code. In such a case, try using an LF (\n) only. Read more about message format on RFC 2822.
3. Warning: mail(): «sendmail_from» not set in php.ini or custom «From:» header missing.
   This error occurs mostly because while sending mail, you have not mentioned the From header using the additional_headers parameters.

Configuring PHP for sending mail

In order to configure anything related to PHP you need to change `php.ini` file. So, we will be editing php.ini file in order to configure Sendmail.

You can easily locate or search your php.ini file in Linux using below command:

The default location is `/etc/php.ini`

You can find the same in windows where XAMPP or LAMPP is installed:

`C:\xampp\php\php.ini`

Clarification:

Changing php.ini file to add mail configuration.

1. Open your php.ini file using below:

2. Search [mail function] in the file. It will be as shown below:

[mail function] ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/smtp SMTP = localhost ; http://php.net/smtp-port smtp_port = 25 ; For Win32 only. ; http://php.net/sendmail-from ;sendmail_from = [email protected] ; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i"). ; http://php.net/sendmail-path sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i ; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters ; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of ; the 5th parameter to mail(), even in safe mode. ;mail.force_extra_parameters = ; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename mail.add_x_header = On ; The path to a log file that will log all mail() calls. Log entries include ; the full path of the script, line number, To address and headers. ;mail.log =

3. Add your mail server details to the file or incase you have one you can change it (mail server can be your own ie. local mail server or you can use any ESP as a mail server).
For Linux/Mac OS:
— Check for `sendmail_path` and ensure; is not (semicolon is used to show the line is commented).
— By default it will use `/usr/bin/sendmail -t -i` you can change it if you are using any custom path.For Window:
— Check for `SMTP = localhost` and change it to your desired mail server (any ESP or localhost) no changes are required if you are using your own local server.
— Or you can also use the smtp server of any Email Service Provider like Pepipost, Sendgrid, Mailgun, Sparkpost.

4. Save/close the php.ini file

5. The final step, don’t forget to restart your webserver/php-fpm.

Pro tip: You can host a simple “info.php” on your webserver to check each and every configuration of your PHP using below 2 liner code:

Save and exit the file.
6. Reload you webserver and php-fpm.
7. Hit http://localhost/php_info.php on your web browser.

Conclusion

Hope, this tutorial is able to help you send mail using PHP.

In case you are facing some issues which are not listed above in the tutorial, or you have some suggestions, then please feel free to contribute below in comments.

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