Тег input, атрибут type

HTML Forms

An HTML form is used to collect user input. The user input is most often sent to a server for processing.

Example

The Element

The HTML element is used to create an HTML form for user input:

The element is a container for different types of input elements, such as: text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc.

All the different form elements are covered in this chapter: HTML Form Elements.

The Element

The HTML element is the most used form element.

An element can be displayed in many ways, depending on the type attribute.

Type	Description
	Displays a single-line text input field
	Displays a radio button (for selecting one of many choices)
	Displays a checkbox (for selecting zero or more of many choices)
	Displays a submit button (for submitting the form)
	Displays a clickable button

All the different input types are covered in this chapter: HTML Input Types.

Text Fields

The defines a single-line input field for text input.

Example

A form with input fields for text:

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of an input field is 20 characters.

The Element

Notice the use of the element in the example above.

The tag defines a label for many form elements.

The element is useful for screen-reader users, because the screen-reader will read out loud the label when the user focuses on the input element.

The element also helps users who have difficulty clicking on very small regions (such as radio buttons or checkboxes) — because when the user clicks the text within the element, it toggles the radio button/checkbox.

The for attribute of the tag should be equal to the id attribute of the element to bind them together.

Radio Buttons

The defines a radio button.

Radio buttons let a user select ONE of a limited number of choices.

Example

A form with radio buttons:

Choose your favorite Web language:

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Choose your favorite Web language:

Checkboxes

The defines a checkbox.

Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

I have a bike
I have a car
I have a boat

The Submit Button

The defines a button for submitting the form data to a form-handler.

The form-handler is typically a file on the server with a script for processing input data.

The form-handler is specified in the form’s action attribute.

Example

A form with a submit button:

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

The Name Attribute for

Notice that each input field must have a name attribute to be submitted.

If the name attribute is omitted, the value of the input field will not be sent at all.

Example

This example will not submit the value of the «First name» input field:

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HTML Input Types

This chapter describes the different types for the HTML element.

HTML Input Types

Here are the different input types you can use in HTML:

Tip: The default value of the type attribute is «text».

Input Type Text

defines a single-line text input field:

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Input Type Password

defines a password field:

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Input Type Submit

defines a button for submitting form data to a form-handler.

The form-handler is typically a server page with a script for processing input data.

The form-handler is specified in the form’s action attribute:

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

If you omit the submit button’s value attribute, the button will get a default text:

Example

Input Type Reset

defines a reset button that will reset all form values to their default values:

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

If you change the input values and then click the «Reset» button, the form-data will be reset to the default values.

Input Type Radio

defines a radio button.

Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

Example

Choose your favorite Web language:

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Input Type Checkbox

defines a checkbox.

Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

I have a bike
I have a car
I have a boat

Input Type Button

defines a button:

Example

This is how the HTML code above will be displayed in a browser:

Input Type Color

The is used for input fields that should contain a color.

Depending on browser support, a color picker can show up in the input field.

Example

Input Type Date

The is used for input fields that should contain a date.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example

You can also use the min and max attributes to add restrictions to dates:

Example

Input Type Datetime-local

The specifies a date and time input field, with no time zone.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example

Input Type Email

The is used for input fields that should contain an e-mail address.

Depending on browser support, the e-mail address can be automatically validated when submitted.

Some smartphones recognize the email type, and add «.com» to the keyboard to match email input.

Example

Input Type Image

The defines an image as a submit button.

The path to the image is specified in the src attribute.

Example

Input Type File

The defines a file-select field and a «Browse» button for file uploads.

Example

Input Type Hidden

The defines a hidden input field (not visible to a user).

A hidden field lets web developers include data that cannot be seen or modified by users when a form is submitted.

A hidden field often stores what database record that needs to be updated when the form is submitted.

Note: While the value is not displayed to the user in the page’s content, it is visible (and can be edited) using any browser’s developer tools or «View Source» functionality. Do not use hidden inputs as a form of security!

Example

Input Type Month

The allows the user to select a month and year.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

Example

Input Type Number

The defines a numeric input field.

You can also set restrictions on what numbers are accepted.

The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 1 to 5:

Example

Input Restrictions

Here is a list of some common input restrictions:

Attribute	Description
checked	Specifies that an input field should be pre-selected when the page loads (for type=»checkbox» or type=»radio»)
disabled	Specifies that an input field should be disabled
max	Specifies the maximum value for an input field
maxlength	Specifies the maximum number of character for an input field
min	Specifies the minimum value for an input field
pattern	Specifies a regular expression to check the input value against
readonly	Specifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed)
required	Specifies that an input field is required (must be filled out)
size	Specifies the width (in characters) of an input field
step	Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field
value	Specifies the default value for an input field

You will learn more about input restrictions in the next chapter.

The following example displays a numeric input field, where you can enter a value from 0 to 100, in steps of 10. The default value is 30:

Example

Input Type Range

The defines a control for entering a number whose exact value is not important (like a slider control). Default range is 0 to 100. However, you can set restrictions on what numbers are accepted with the min , max , and step attributes:

Example

Input Type Search

The is used for search fields (a search field behaves like a regular text field).

Example

Input Type Tel

The is used for input fields that should contain a telephone number.

Example

Input Type Time

The allows the user to select a time (no time zone).

Depending on browser support, a time picker can show up in the input field.

Example

Input Type Url

The is used for input fields that should contain a URL address.

Depending on browser support, the url field can be automatically validated when submitted.

Some smartphones recognize the url type, and adds «.com» to the keyboard to match url input.

Example

Input Type Week

The allows the user to select a week and year.

Depending on browser support, a date picker can show up in the input field.

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Атрибут type

Сообщает браузеру, к какому типу относится элемент формы.

Синтаксис

Обязательный атрибут

Значения

В табл. 1 перечислены возможные значения атрибута type и получаемый вид поля формы.

Табл. 1. Значения type

Тип	Описание	Вид
button	Кнопка.
checkbox	Флажки. Позволяют выбрать более одного варианта из предложенных.	Пиво Чай Кофе
file	Поле для ввода имени файла, который пересылается на сервер.
hidden	Скрытое поле. Оно никак не отображается на веб-странице.
image	Поле с изображением. При нажатии на рисунок данные формы отправляются на сервер.
password	Обычное текстовое поле, но отличается от него тем, что все символы показываются звездочками. Предназначено для того, чтобы никто не подглядел вводимый пароль.
radio	Переключатели. Используются, когда следует выбрать один вариант из нескольких предложенных.	Пиво Чай Кофе
reset	Кнопка для возвращения данных формы в первоначальное значение.
submit	Кнопка для отправки данных формы на сервер.
text	Текстовое поле. Предназначено для ввода символов с помощью клавиатуры.

В HTML5 добавлены новые значения, представленные в табл. 2.

Табл. 2. Значения type в HTML5

Тип	Описание
color	Виджет для выбора цвета.
date	Поле для выбора календарной даты.
datetime	Указание даты и времени.
datetime-local	Указание местной даты и времени.
email	Для адресов электронной почты.
number	Ввод чисел.
range	Ползунок для выбора чисел в указанном диапазоне.
search	Поле для поиска.
tel	Для телефонных номеров.
time	Для времени.
url	Для веб-адресов.
month	Выбор месяца.
week	Выбор недели.

Поддержка этих значений браузерами показана в табл. 3.

Табл. 3. Поддержка браузерами значений HTML5

Значение	Internet Explorer	Chrome	Opera	Safari	Firefox	Android	iOS
color	21.0+	11.01+
date	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+
datetime	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+
datetime-local	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+
email	10.0	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	4.0+	2.3+	3.1+
month	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+
number	10.0	6.0+	10.62+	5.0+	2.3+	4.0+
range	10.0	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	23.0+	5.0+
search	10.0	5.0+	11.01+	5.0+	4.0+	4.0+
tel	10.0	5.0+	11.01+	5.0+	4.0+	3.1+
time	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+
url	10.0	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	4.0+	2.3+	3.1+
week	5.0+	10.62+	5.0+	5.0+

Значение по умолчанию

       
 Пиво  Чай  Кофе
 
  

       
Введите число от 1 до 10
  

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