String to calendar date java

Class SimpleDateFormat

SimpleDateFormat is a concrete class for formatting and parsing dates in a locale-sensitive manner. It allows for formatting (date → text), parsing (text → date), and normalization.

SimpleDateFormat allows you to start by choosing any user-defined patterns for date-time formatting. However, you are encouraged to create a date-time formatter with either getTimeInstance , getDateInstance , or getDateTimeInstance in DateFormat . Each of these class methods can return a date/time formatter initialized with a default format pattern. You may modify the format pattern using the applyPattern methods as desired. For more information on using these methods, see DateFormat .

Date and Time Patterns

Date and time formats are specified by date and time pattern strings. Within date and time pattern strings, unquoted letters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ and from ‘a’ to ‘z’ are interpreted as pattern letters representing the components of a date or time string. Text can be quoted using single quotes ( ‘ ) to avoid interpretation. «»» represents a single quote. All other characters are not interpreted; they’re simply copied into the output string during formatting or matched against the input string during parsing.

The following pattern letters are defined (all other characters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ and from ‘a’ to ‘z’ are reserved):

Chart shows pattern letters, date/time component, presentation, and examples.

Letter	Date or Time Component	Presentation	Examples
G	Era designator	Text	AD
y	Year	Year	1996 ; 96
Y	Week year	Year	2009 ; 09
M	Month in year (context sensitive)	Month	July ; Jul ; 07
L	Month in year (standalone form)	Month	July ; Jul ; 07
w	Week in year	Number	27
W	Week in month	Number	2
D	Day in year	Number	189
d	Day in month	Number	10
F	Day of week in month	Number	2
E	Day name in week	Text	Tuesday ; Tue
u	Day number of week (1 = Monday, . 7 = Sunday)	Number	1
a	Am/pm marker	Text	PM
H	Hour in day (0-23)	Number	0
k	Hour in day (1-24)	Number	24
K	Hour in am/pm (0-11)	Number	0
h	Hour in am/pm (1-12)	Number	12
m	Minute in hour	Number	30
s	Second in minute	Number	55
S	Millisecond	Number	978
z	Time zone	General time zone	Pacific Standard Time ; PST ; GMT-08:00
Z	Time zone	RFC 822 time zone	-0800
X	Time zone	ISO 8601 time zone	-08 ; -0800 ; -08:00

• Text: For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, the full form is used; otherwise a short or abbreviated form is used if available. For parsing, both forms are accepted, independent of the number of pattern letters.

• For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 2, the year is truncated to 2 digits; otherwise it is interpreted as a number.
• For parsing, if the number of pattern letters is more than 2, the year is interpreted literally, regardless of the number of digits. So using the pattern «MM/dd/yyyy», «01/11/12» parses to Jan 11, 12 A.D.
• For parsing with the abbreviated year pattern («y» or «yy»), SimpleDateFormat must interpret the abbreviated year relative to some century. It does this by adjusting dates to be within 80 years before and 20 years after the time the SimpleDateFormat instance is created. For example, using a pattern of «MM/dd/yy» and a SimpleDateFormat instance created on Jan 1, 1997, the string «01/11/12» would be interpreted as Jan 11, 2012 while the string «05/04/64» would be interpreted as May 4, 1964. During parsing, only strings consisting of exactly two digits, as defined by Character.isDigit(char) , will be parsed into the default century. Any other numeric string, such as a one digit string, a three or more digit string, or a two digit string that isn’t all digits (for example, «-1»), is interpreted literally. So «01/02/3» or «01/02/003» are parsed, using the same pattern, as Jan 2, 3 AD. Likewise, «01/02/-3» is parsed as Jan 2, 4 BC.

If week year ‘Y’ is specified and the calendar doesn’t support any week years, the calendar year ( ‘y’ ) is used instead. The support of week years can be tested with a call to getCalendar() . isWeekDateSupported() .

• Letter M produces context-sensitive month names, such as the embedded form of names. Letter M is context-sensitive in the sense that when it is used in the standalone pattern, for example, «MMMM», it gives the standalone form of a month name and when it is used in the pattern containing other field(s), for example, «d MMMM», it gives the format form of a month name. For example, January in the Catalan language is «de gener» in the format form while it is «gener» in the standalone form. In this case, «MMMM» will produce «gener» and the month part of the «d MMMM» will produce «de gener». If a DateFormatSymbols has been set explicitly with constructor SimpleDateFormat(String,DateFormatSymbols) or method setDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols) , the month names given by the DateFormatSymbols are used.
• Letter L produces the standalone form of month names.

GMTOffsetTimeZone: GMT Sign Hours : Minutes Sign: one of + - Hours: Digit Digit Digit Minutes: Digit Digit Digit: one of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hours must be between 0 and 23, and Minutes must be between 00 and 59. The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard. For parsing, RFC 822 time zones are also accepted.

RFC822TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes TwoDigitHours: Digit Digit

ISO8601TimeZone: OneLetterISO8601TimeZone TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone OneLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Z TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes Z ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours : Minutes Z

Examples

The following examples show how date and time patterns are interpreted in the U.S. locale. The given date and time are 2001-07-04 12:08:56 local time in the U.S. Pacific Time time zone.

Examples of date and time patterns interpreted in the U.S. locale

Date and Time Pattern	Result
«yyyy.MM.dd G ‘at’ HH:mm:ss z»	2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT
«EEE, MMM d, »yy»	Wed, Jul 4, ’01
«h:mm a»	12:08 PM
«hh ‘o»clock’ a, zzzz»	12 o’clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time
«K:mm a, z»	0:08 PM, PDT
«yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa»	02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM
«EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z»	Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700
«yyMMddHHmmssZ»	010704120856-0700
«yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSZ»	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700
«yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX»	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00
«YYYY-‘W’ww-u»	2001-W27-3

Synchronization

Date formats are not synchronized. It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized externally.

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Guide to java.util.Date Class

Learn to create new date, get current date, parse date to string or format Date object using java.util.Date class. These usecases are frequently required, and having them in one place will help in saving time for many of us.

It is worth noting that there is no timezone information associated with Date instance. A Date instance represents the time spent since Epach in milliseconds. If we print the date instance, it always prints the default or local timezone of the machine. So the timezone information printed in Date.toString() method should not misguide you.

1. Formatting a Date to String

Java program of formatting Date to string using SimpleDateFormat.format() . Please note that SimpleDateFormat is not a thread-safe class, so we should not share its instance with multiple threads.

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/M/yyyy"); String date = sdf.format(new Date());

Refer SimpleDateFormat JavaDoc for detailed date and time patterns. Below is a list of the most common pattern letters you can use.

y = year (yy or yyyy) M = month (MM) d = day in month (dd) h = hour (0-12) (hh) H = hour (0-23) (HH) m = minute in hour (mm) s = seconds (ss) S = milliseconds (SSS) z = time zone text (e.g. Pacific Standard Time. ) Z = time zone, time offset (e.g. -0800)

Pattern	Example
yyyy-MM-dd (ISO)	“2018-07-14”
dd-MMM-yyyy	“14-Jul-2018”
dd/MM/yyyy	“14/07/2018”
E, MMM dd yyyy	“Sat, Jul 14 2018”
h:mm a	“12:08 PM”
EEEE, MMM dd, yyyy HH:mm:ss a	“Saturday, Jul 14, 2018 14:31:06 PM”
yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ssZ	“2018-07-14T14:31:30+0530”
hh ‘o»clock’ a, zzzz	“12 o’clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time”
K:mm a, z	“0:08 PM, PDT”

2. Parsing a String to Date

Java program of parsing a string to Date instance using SimpleDateFormat.parse() method.

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-M-yyyy hh:mm:ss"); String dateInString = "15-10-2015 10:20:56"; Date date = sdf.parse(dateInString);

3. Getting Current Date and Time

java.util.Date class represents the date and time elapsed since the epoch. Given below are the Java programs for getting the current date and time and printing in a given format.

SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss"); Date date = new Date(); System.out.println(dateFormat.format(date)); 

For reference, since Java 8, we can use LocalDate , LocalTime and LocalDateTime classes.

LocalDate today = LocalDate.now(); System.out.println("Today's Local date : " + today); LocalTime time = LocalTime.now(); System.out.println("local time now : " + time);

4. Convert between Date and Calendar

4.1. Converting Calendar to Date

Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); Date date = calendar.getTime();

4.2. Converting Date to Calendar

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-M-yyyy hh:mm:ss"); String dateInString = "27-04-2016 10:22:56"; Date date = sdf.parse(dateInString); Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(date); 

We can compare two two date instances using its compareTo() method. It returns an integer value representing given date is before or after another date.

The comparison date1.CompareTo(date2) will return:

• a value 0 if date2 is equal to date1;
• a value less than 0 if date1 is before date2;
• a value greater than 0 if date1 is after date2.

Date date1 = new Date(); Date date2 = new Date(); int comparison = date1.compareTo(date2);

6. Extracting Days, Months and Years

Java program to get date parts such as year, month, etc separately.

The methods to get the year, month, day of the month, hour, etc. are deprecated. If you need to get or set the year, month, day of the month, etc. use a java.util.Calendar instead.

Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTime(new Date()); int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR); int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH); int dayOfMonth = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH); // Jan = 0, not 1 int dayOfWeek = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); int weekOfYear = calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR); int weekOfMonth= calendar.get(Calendar.WEEK_OF_MONTH); int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR); // 12 hour clock int hourOfDay = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY); // 24 hour clock int minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE); int second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND); int millisecond= calendar.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);

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