Simple Table

How To Create Tables in HTML

A table is a set of data organized by rows and columns. Tables are useful for displaying connections between data types, such as products and their cost, employment and dates employed, or flights and departure times. In this tutorial, you will create a table using HTML, customize it by adding a desired amount of rows and columns, and add row and column headings to make your table easier to read.

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with HTML. If you are not familiar with HTML or need a refresher, you can review the first three tutorials of our How To Build a Website With HTML tutorial series.
• An index.html file to practice creating HTML tables. If you do not know how to create an index.html file, please follow the instructions in our brief tutorial How To Set Up Your HTML Project.

Fundamentals of HTML tables

As an example, here is a table that has two rows and three columns:

table> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> tr> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> tr> table> 

To explore how HTML tables works in practice, paste the code snippet above into the index.html file or other html file you are using for this tutorial.

Save and reload the file in the browser to check your results. (For instructions on loading the file in your browser, please visit this step of our tutorial on HTML Elements.)

Your webpage should now have a table with three columns and two rows:

table> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> tr> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> tr> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> tr> table> 

Save your results and check them in your browser. You should receive something like this:

table> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> td>Column 4td> tr> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> td>Column 4 td> tr> tr> td>Column 1td> td>Column 2td> td>Column 3td> td>Column 4td> tr> table> 

Save your results and check them in your browser. Your webpage should display a table with three rows and four columns:

Adding a Border To a Table

table border="1"> tr> td>Row 1td> td>Row 2td> td>Row 3td> tr> tr> td>Row 1td> td>Row 2td> td>Row 3td> tr> table> 

Add the highlighted border attribute to your table and checking your results in the browser. (You can clear your index.html file and paste in the HTML code snippet above.) Save your file and load it in the browser. Your table should now have a border surrounding each of your rows and columns like this:

Adding Headings To Rows and Columns

Headings can be added to rows and columns to make tables easier to read. Table headings are automatically styled with bold and centered text to visually distinguish them from table data. Headings also make tables more accessible as they help individuals using screen readers navigate table data.

Clear the index.html file and add a row of column headings with the following code snippet:

table border="1"> tr> th>th> th>Column Header 1th> th>Column Header 2th> th>Column Header 3th> tr> table> 

Save the index.html file and reload it in your browser. You should receive something like this:

Your webpage should display a single row of column headers. Note that the first column header is empty. You may add a column header here if you like.

table border="1"> tr> th>th> th>Column Header 1th> th>Column Header 2th> th>Column Header 3th> tr> tr> th>Row Header 1th> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> tr> tr> th>Row Header 2th> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> tr> tr> th>Row Header 3th> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> td>Datatd> tr> table> 

Save the index.html file and reload it in your browser. You should receive something like this:

You should now have a table with with three column headings and three row headings.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you have created an HTML table, added additional rows and columns, and created headings for rows and columns.

If you are interested in learning more about HTML, you can check our our tutorial series How To Build a Website With HTML. To learn about how to use CSS to style HTML elements (including tables), please visit our tutorial series How To Build a Website With CSS.

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HTML Tables

HTML tables allow web developers to arrange data into rows and columns.

Example

Company	Contact	Country
Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Germany
Centro comercial Moctezuma	Francisco Chang	Mexico
Ernst Handel	Roland Mendel	Austria
Island Trading	Helen Bennett	UK
Laughing Bacchus Winecellars	Yoshi Tannamuri	Canada
Magazzini Alimentari Riuniti	Giovanni Rovelli	Italy

Define an HTML Table

A table in HTML consists of table cells inside rows and columns.

Example

Company	Contact	Country
Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Germany
Centro comercial Moctezuma	Francisco Chang	Mexico

Table Cells

Each table cell is defined by a

and a

tag.

Everything between

and

are the content of the table cell.

Example

Note: A table cell can contain all sorts of HTML elements: text, images, lists, links, other tables, etc.

Table Rows

Each table row starts with a

and ends with a

tag.

Example

You can have as many rows as you like in a table; just make sure that the number of cells are the same in each row.

Note: There are times when a row can have less or more cells than another. You will learn about that in a later chapter.

Table Headers

th stands for table header.

Example

Let the first row be table header cells:

By default, the text in elements are bold and centered, but you can change that with CSS.

HTML Exercises

HTML Table Tags

Tag	Description
	Defines a table
	Defines a header cell in a table
	Defines a row in a table
	Defines a cell in a table
	Defines a table caption
	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
	Specifies column properties for each column within a element
	Groups the header content in a table
	Groups the body content in a table
	Groups the footer content in a table

For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference.

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Create Tables in HTML

HTML tables have a number of rows and columns where we can insert, arrange, and display data. This data is then shown on the web page in a tabular format. These tables help us present data in an orderly way, like displaying a list of items, showing tabular data like sales reports, creating layouts for web page sections, etc.

In this article, we will learn how to create the following types of HTML tables:

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

Essentials for Creating a Table in HTML

1. Text editor or HTML editor: Open a text editor or HTML editor like Notepad++, Sublime Text, or Visual Studio Code to write and save your HTML code. We have used Notepad++ as our default editor, but you can use any editor you like.
2. HTML file: Create a new file in Notepad++. Let’s name it “table.html” or any other name you prefer, but remember to end the file name with “.html”. This file is where you will write your code for your webpage. If you need help creating this file, you can check out our tutorial, “Design Web Page in HTML.”
3. HTML code: We have provided all the essential codes in this article for creating different types of tables. Simply copy and paste the code into your “table.html” file.
4. Web browser: After you finish writing your HTML code in the “table.html” file, you need to view and test your webpage. You can use a web browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge. We have used Google Chrome to view webpages for all examples in this article, but you can choose any browser you prefer.

Tags Used in HTML

Before creating a table in HTML, it is important to understand the tags used to create and structure it. Here are the key tags used for creating HTML tables:

Tag	Description
	Defines a table and its content.
	Defines a title or caption for a table.
	Groups the header content in a table.
	Groups the body content in a table.
	Groups the footer content in a table.
	Defines a table row.
	Defines a table header cell.
	Defines a table data/cell.
	Specifies a set of one or more columns in a table for the purpose of formatting.
	Defines the attributes for a group of columns in a table.

Examples of Tables in HTML

Example 1: Simple Table

Let’s create a basic HTML table that showcases product information. We will include two columns labeled “Product” and “Price.” The table will contain a single row displaying data for the product “Apple” with a price of $20.

To create a simple HTML table:

      
 
Product
 
Price
 
 
Apple
 
$20
 
 
  

Output:
The resultant table for product and price will be displayed as seen below:

To add an additional column to the table in the example, you can use the element within your table’s column. This element is used to define header cells for the column.

 
 
Product
 
Price
 
Quantity
 
 
Apple
 
$20
 
10
 
 
Orange
 
$10
 
15
 
 

Output:

Let’s see how to add borders to an HTML table. This is a way to visually separate the different sections of the table and make it easier to read and understand.

Example 2: Table with Borders and Padding

In this example, we will add a table element and set the border and cellpadding attribute. We will use the border attribute and set the width of the table’s border to 1 pixel. For the cellpadding attribute, we will use 5 pixels of padding for the content inside each cell.

 
 
Name
 
Age
 
Country
 
 
Michael
 
27
 
Alaska
 
 
Evelyn
 
32
 
Ohio
 
 

Output:

Example 3: Table with Styling

If you want to improve the appearance of your table, you can use CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to add various styles and formatting.

 
 
Country
 
Population
 
Capital
 
 
Spain
 
47 Million
 
Madrid
 
 
Finland
 
5.5 Million
 
Helsinki
 
 

Output:

Example 4: Table with Caption

 table < border-collapse: collapse; >th, td < border: 1px solid black; padding: 8px; >caption 
Employee Information
 
Name
 
Position
 
Salary
 
 
Margot Mitchell
 
Manager
 
$60,000
 
 
Ryan Arnett
 
Developer
 
$50,000
 
 

Output:

Example 5: Table with Nested Tables

In HTML, when we talk about a nested table, it means we have a table placed inside another table. So, basically, some cells in the outer table contain a whole new table structure within them. If you want to include a nested table, you just need to insert another table inside any cell of your main table. To understand better, here is an example:

 
 
Device
 
Brand
 
Specifications
 
 
Smartphone
 
Apple
 
 
 
Model
 
Storage
 
 
iPhone 12 Pro
 
256GB
 
 
iPhone SE
 
128GB
 
 
 
 
 
Laptop
 
HP
 
15.6" Display
 
 
Tablet
 
Samsung
 
10.5" Display
 
 

Output:

Example 6: Table with Col Span and Row Span

In HTML, the “colspan” and “rowspan” give you the power to merge or split cells horizontally (colspan) and vertically (rowspan) to create more advanced table structures.

If you want to merge cells horizontally, simply use “colspan” followed by the number of cells you want to merge. And if you want to merge cells vertically, you can use “rowspan” along with the number of cells you want to merge.

       
 
Sport
 
Player
 
 
Football
 
Lionel Messi
 
Cristiano Ronaldo
 
 
Neymar
 
Harry Kane
 
 
Tennis
 
Novak Djokovic
 
Rafael Nadal
 
 
Serena Williams
 
Naomi Osaka
 
 
Basketball
 
LeBron James
 
 
  

Output:

Example 7: Table with Colgroup

    table < border-collapse: collapse; >th, td  
    
City
 
Country
 
Continent
 
 
New York
 
United States
 
North America
 
 
London
 
United Kingdom
 
Europe
 
 
Tokyo
 
Japan
 
Asia
 
 
  

Output:

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