Разработка сервера на php и системных скриптов
На stackoverflow очень много вопросов типа «какой сервер поставить для разработки на php». Многие советуют apache2 и nginx+php-fpm. Но сегодняшняя статья о такой возможности, как встроенный сервер php.
Встроенный сервер в php появился начиная с версии 5.4.0, и запускается командой:
$ php -S localhost:8000 index.php-S — запустить сервер
localhost — хост(ip address) на котором будет сервер
8000 — порт сервера
index.php — файл обработки запросов
Роутинг сервера осуществляется с помощью php-файла, выполняющего данные функции, так вот, если этот файл возвращает `false`, то будет запрошен файл напрямую; если же это не так, то будет обрабатываться файл, который мы указали как роутер.
К примеру, если в файл index.php добавить следующее условие:
То при запросе файлов статики они будут отданы напрямую сервером, а любой другой запрос будет обработан через index.php…
Часть 2. Пишем системный скрипт и сервер на php
И так как же написать системный скрипт для linux? Ответ довольно прост — первым делом мы должны указать интерпретатор, который будет выполнять этот скрипт. Так как мы пишем скрипт на php, то и укажем его интерпретатором в первой строке:
Далее опишем те параметры, которые принимает скрипт из консоли:
if(isset($argv[1])) < $host = $argv[1]; >else < help(); >if(isset($argv[2])) < $port = $argv[2]; >else
Два простых if’а, которые проверяют 1 и 2 аргумент, которые будут host и port соответственно, и если это не так, то выводит функцию help().
И, наконец, дописываем инструкцию, запускающую сервер.
system(sprintf('php -S %s:%s', $host, $port));После того как скрипт готов, изменяем его права и закидываем в папку /usr/bin/server.
$ chmod 0777 server $ sudo cp server /usr/bin/serverНу вот и всё, теперь нам остаёться только зайти в папку с проектом и запустить сервер командой.
Для доступа к веб части сервера, вводим в адресную строку localhost:8080 и переходим.
Вывод: Встроенный сервер php предназначен только для разработки, и это намного экономичнее apache2 и nginx+php-fpm…
$_SERVER
$_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are accounted for in the » CGI/1.1 specification, and are likely to be defined.
Note: When running PHP on the command line most of these entries will not be available or have any meaning.
In addition to the elements listed below, PHP will create additional elements with values from request headers. These entries will be named HTTP_ followed by the header name, capitalized and with underscores instead of hyphens. For example, the Accept-Language header would be available as $_SERVER[‘HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE’] .
Indices
‘ PHP_SELF ‘ The filename of the currently executing script, relative to the document root. For instance, $_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’] in a script at the address http://example.com/foo/bar.php would be /foo/bar.php . The __FILE__ constant contains the full path and filename of the current (i.e. included) file. If PHP is running as a command-line processor this variable contains the script name. ‘argv’ Array of arguments passed to the script. When the script is run on the command line, this gives C-style access to the command line parameters. When called via the GET method, this will contain the query string. ‘argc’ Contains the number of command line parameters passed to the script (if run on the command line). ‘ GATEWAY_INTERFACE ‘ What revision of the CGI specification the server is using; e.g. ‘CGI/1.1’ . ‘ SERVER_ADDR ‘ The IP address of the server under which the current script is executing. ‘ SERVER_NAME ‘ The name of the server host under which the current script is executing. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host.
Note: Under Apache 2, UseCanonicalName = On and ServerName must be set. Otherwise, this value reflects the hostname supplied by the client, which can be spoofed. It is not safe to rely on this value in security-dependent contexts.
‘ SERVER_SOFTWARE ‘ Server identification string, given in the headers when responding to requests. ‘ SERVER_PROTOCOL ‘ Name and revision of the information protocol via which the page was requested; e.g. ‘HTTP/1.0’ ; ‘ REQUEST_METHOD ‘ Which request method was used to access the page; e.g. ‘GET’ , ‘HEAD’ , ‘POST’ , ‘PUT’ .
Note:
PHP script is terminated after sending headers (it means after producing any output without output buffering) if the request method was HEAD .
‘ REQUEST_TIME ‘ The timestamp of the start of the request. ‘ REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT ‘ The timestamp of the start of the request, with microsecond precision. ‘ QUERY_STRING ‘ The query string, if any, via which the page was accessed. ‘ DOCUMENT_ROOT ‘ The document root directory under which the current script is executing, as defined in the server’s configuration file. ‘ HTTPS ‘ Set to a non-empty value if the script was queried through the HTTPS protocol. ‘ REMOTE_ADDR ‘ The IP address from which the user is viewing the current page. ‘ REMOTE_HOST ‘ The Host name from which the user is viewing the current page. The reverse dns lookup is based on the REMOTE_ADDR of the user.
Note: The web server must be configured to create this variable. For example in Apache HostnameLookups On must be set inside httpd.conf for it to exist. See also gethostbyaddr() .
‘ REMOTE_PORT ‘ The port being used on the user’s machine to communicate with the web server. ‘ REMOTE_USER ‘ The authenticated user. ‘ REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER ‘ The authenticated user if the request is internally redirected. ‘ SCRIPT_FILENAME ‘
The absolute pathname of the currently executing script.
Note:
If a script is executed with the CLI, as a relative path, such as file.php or ../file.php , $_SERVER[‘SCRIPT_FILENAME’] will contain the relative path specified by the user.
‘ SERVER_ADMIN ‘ The value given to the SERVER_ADMIN (for Apache) directive in the web server configuration file. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host. ‘ SERVER_PORT ‘ The port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication. For default setups, this will be ’80’ ; using SSL, for instance, will change this to whatever your defined secure HTTP port is.
Note: Under Apache 2, UseCanonicalName = On , as well as UseCanonicalPhysicalPort = On must be set in order to get the physical (real) port, otherwise, this value can be spoofed, and it may or may not return the physical port value. It is not safe to rely on this value in security-dependent contexts.
‘ SERVER_SIGNATURE ‘ String containing the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages, if enabled. ‘ PATH_TRANSLATED ‘ Filesystem- (not document root-) based path to the current script, after the server has done any virtual-to-real mapping.
Note: Apache 2 users may use AcceptPathInfo = On inside httpd.conf to define PATH_INFO .
‘ SCRIPT_NAME ‘ Contains the current script’s path. This is useful for pages which need to point to themselves. The __FILE__ constant contains the full path and filename of the current (i.e. included) file. ‘ REQUEST_URI ‘ The URI which was given in order to access this page; for instance, ‘ /index.html ‘. ‘ PHP_AUTH_DIGEST ‘ When doing Digest HTTP authentication this variable is set to the ‘Authorization’ header sent by the client (which you should then use to make the appropriate validation). ‘ PHP_AUTH_USER ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the username provided by the user. ‘ PHP_AUTH_PW ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the password provided by the user. ‘ AUTH_TYPE ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the authentication type. ‘ PATH_INFO ‘ Contains any client-provided pathname information trailing the actual script filename but preceding the query string, if available. For instance, if the current script was accessed via the URI http://www.example.com/php/path_info.php/some/stuff?foo=bar , then $_SERVER[‘PATH_INFO’] would contain /some/stuff . ‘ ORIG_PATH_INFO ‘ Original version of ‘ PATH_INFO ‘ before processed by PHP.
Examples
Example #1 $_SERVER example