Run python script in python console

How To Run Python Scripts From the Command Line (Terminal)

This article will demonstrate how to get a simple Python script running on the command line in a matter of minutes. Once you’ve mastered that, you can get more complicated by passing in required arguments so that your scripts can stand on their own. Once you are comfortable running Python scripts from the command line, continue improving your skills by learning how to pass arguments to your scripts.

Make Sure Your Terminal or Command Prompt Can Run Python

To start, you need to make sure the command line application you are using has access to your Python installation. To do this, open the command prompt, type python and press ‘Enter’. You should see a message that documents the Python version that is being used followed by >>> , which indicates the next code you type will be executed by the Python interpreter. It will look something like this.

Python 3.8.8 (default, Apr 13 2021, 15:08:03) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>

If you don’t see something similar, it means that you don’t have Python installed or that the command prompt is not aware of your Python installation.

Create a Python Script

Let’s create a very simple script to demonstrate how this works. This Python script (hello.py) will simply print out a statement that lets us know the code in the script has run, as shown below.

print("Hello from my Python script")

Run the Python Script from the Terminal

Once your Python script is created it’s super easy to run it from the terminal or command line. All you need to do is type python followed by the script name. You’ll need to make sure that your terminal’s working directory is the directory that contains your python script, or give the full path to the script. For example. If I just type python hello.py I get the following error.

python: can't open file 'hello.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory

There are two ways to fix this.

First, specify the full file path. Like this.

C:\Users\Konrad>python c:/konrad/code/python/z_testing/hello.py Hello from my Python script

You can see that by specifying the full path to the python script that the terminal now knows where to find the file to run and I get the proper output.

Second, use cd to change the terminal’s current directory. Then run the script. Like this.

(base) C:\Users\Konrad>cd c:/konrad/code/python/z_testing (base) c:\konrad\code\python\z_testing>python hello.py Hello from my Python script

By using cd to change the terminal’s directory I no longer need to type the full path to the python script. This is especially useful if you have a number of different scripts in the same directory that you will want to run.

There’s More!

This article gives you a brief, simple introduction to running python scripts from the terminal (or command line). This is a powerful skill to have and there is so much more you can do with it. With a more advanced script, you can pass in parameters/arguments from the command line, which makes it easy to generalize and share your scripts for others to use in various situations. You can check out my guide for passing variables to python scripts from the terminal in this article.

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Konrad has a Master’s Degree in Ecology and a Doctorate Degree in Water Resources and has been performing geospatial analysis and writing code (in multiple programming languages) for over a decade. He writes code to develop models and analysis workflows to predict and evaluate changes to landscapes and water resources. He has published multiple articles in prominent peer-reviewed, scientific journals. Konrad’s code and workflow contribute to operational products that inform water and ecosystem management.

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How to Run a Python Script

Python is a well known high-level programming language. The Python script is basically a file containing code written in Python. The file containing python script has the extension ‘ .py ’ or can also have the extension ‘ .pyw ’ if it is being run on a windows machine. To run a python script, we need a python interpreter that needs to be downloaded and installed.

Here is a simple python script to print ‘ Hello World! ’:

Here, the ‘ print() ’ function is to print out any text written within the parenthesis. We can write the text that we want to be printed using either a single quote as shown in the above script or a double quote.

If you are coming from any other language then you will also notice that there is no semicolon at the end of the statement as with Python, you no need to specify the end of the line. And also we don’t need to include or import any files to run a simple python script.

There is more than one way to run a python script but before going toward the different ways to run a python script, we first have to check whether a python interpreter is installed on the system or not. So in windows, open ‘cmd’ (Command Prompt) and type the following command.

This command will give the version number of the Python interpreter installed or will display an error if otherwise.

Different ways to run Python Script

Here are the ways with which we can run a Python script.

1. Interactive Mode
2. Command Line
3. Text Editor (VS Code)
4. IDE (PyCharm)

1. Interactive Mode:
   In Interactive Mode, you can run your script line by line in a sequence. To enter in an interactive mode, you will have to open Command Prompt on your windows machine and type ‘ python ’ and press Enter . Example 1:
   Run the following line in the interactive mode:

   

   Output:

   

   Output: Example 3:
   Run the following line one by one in the interactive mode:

   

   Output:Note: To exit from this mode, press ‘ Ctrl+Z ’ and then press ‘Enter’ or type ‘ exit() ’ and then press Enter .
   Command Line
   To run a Python script store in a ‘ .py ’ file in command line, we have to write ‘ python ’ keyword before the file name in the command prompt.

   

   You can write your own file name in place of ‘hello.py’. Output:

2. Text Editor (VS Code)
   To run Python script on a text editor like VS Code (Visual Studio Code) then you will have to do the following:
   • Go in the extension section or press ‘ Ctrl+Shift+X ’ on windows, then search and install the extension named ‘ Python ’ and ‘ Code Runner ’. Restart your vs code after that.
   • Now, create a new file with the name ‘hello.py’ and write the below code in it:

   Output:
   

3. IDE (PyCharm)
   To run Python script on a IDE (Integrated Development Environment) like PyCharm, you will have to do the following:
   • Create a new project.
   • Give a name to that project as ‘GfG’ and click on Create.
   • Select the root directory with the project name we specified in the last step. Right click on it, go in New and click on ‘Python file’ option. Then give the name of the file as ‘hello’ (you can specify any name as per your project requirement). This will create a ‘hello.py’ file in the project root directory.
     Note: You don’t have to specify the extension as it will take it automatically.
   • Now write the below Python script to print the message:

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