Как отключить проверку сертификата в модуле requests?
Как на уровне самого модуля requests , в его файлах отключить проверку сертификатов?
Чтобы когда какое либо приложение использующее данный модуль отправляла get запрос не проверялся сертификат.
В каком файле этого модуля можно этого сделать?
Сэр, я имел в виду как отключить эту проверку на уровне самой библиотеки, чтобы этот параметр оставался отключенным всегда, понимаете ? чтобы по умолчанию было verify =False
3 ответа 3
нужно отключить эту проверку на уровне самого модуля, а не в своем приложении, чтобы не приходилось постоянно указывать в коде verify=False
В вашем виртуальном окружении по адресу (python3.6 может быть другим):
venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/requests/sessions.py def request(self, method, url, params=None, data=None, headers=None, cookies=None, files=None, auth=None, timeout=None, allow_redirects=True, proxies=None, hooks=None, stream=None, verify=None, cert=None, json=None): измените verify=None на verify=False . хотя затея — так себе.
согласен с @Jack_oS, затея так себе. Все таки переопределение помогает не притрагиваться к внутренностям пакетов.
Requests can also ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set verify to False:
requests.get('https://kennethreitz.org', verify=False) Note that when verify is set to False, requests will accept any TLS certificate presented by the server, and will ignore hostname mismatches and/or expired certificates, which will make your application vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks. Setting verify to False may be useful during local development or testing.
Укажи параметр verify=False чтоб пропустить проверкеу сертификата, но лучше положи сертификат вместе со своим приложением и в параметре verify укажи путь к нему.
Этот же параметр присутствует в Session объекте. Создай сессию без проверки и используй её вместо модуля.
session = requests.Session(verify=False) session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789') r = session.get('https://httpbin.org/cookies') How do I disable the security certificate check in Python requests
but I get a request.exceptions.SSLError. The website has an expired certficate, but I am not sending sensitive data, so it doesn’t matter to me. I would imagine there is an argument like ‘verifiy=False’ that I could use, but I can’t seem to find it.
10 Answers 10
requests can also ignore verifying the SSL certificate if you set verify to False.
>>> requests.get('https://kennethreitz.com', verify=False) If you’re using a third-party module and want to disable the checks, here’s a context manager that monkey patches requests and changes it so that verify=False is the default and suppresses the warning.
import warnings import contextlib import requests from urllib3.exceptions import InsecureRequestWarning old_merge_environment_settings = requests.Session.merge_environment_settings @contextlib.contextmanager def no_ssl_verification(): opened_adapters = set() def merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert): # Verification happens only once per connection so we need to close # all the opened adapters once we're done. Otherwise, the effects of # verify=False persist beyond the end of this context manager. opened_adapters.add(self.get_adapter(url)) settings = old_merge_environment_settings(self, url, proxies, stream, verify, cert) settings['verify'] = False return settings requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = merge_environment_settings try: with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.simplefilter('ignore', InsecureRequestWarning) yield finally: requests.Session.merge_environment_settings = old_merge_environment_settings for adapter in opened_adapters: try: adapter.close() except: pass with no_ssl_verification(): requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/') print('It works') requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True) print('Even if you try to force it to') requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False) print('It resets back') session = requests.Session() session.verify = True with no_ssl_verification(): session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True) print('Works even here') try: requests.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/') except requests.exceptions.SSLError: print('It breaks') try: session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/') except requests.exceptions.SSLError: print('It breaks here again') Note that this code closes all open adapters that handled a patched request once you leave the context manager. This is because requests maintains a per-session connection pool and certificate validation happens only once per connection so unexpected things like this will happen:
>>> import requests >>> session = requests.Session() >>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=False) /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings InsecureRequestWarning) >>> session.get('https://wrong.host.badssl.example/', verify=True) /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py:857: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings InsecureRequestWarning) python ignore certificate validation urllib2
I want to ignore the certification validation during my request to the server with an internal corporate link. With python requests library I would do this:
r = requests.get(link, allow_redirects=False,verify=False) 6 Answers 6
In the meantime urllib2 seems to verify server certificates by default. The warning, that was shown in the past disappeared for 2.7.9 and I currently ran into this problem in a test environment with a self signed certificate (and Python 2.7.9).
My evil workaround (don’t do this in production!):
import urllib2 import ssl ctx = ssl.create_default_context() ctx.check_hostname = False ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE urllib2.urlopen("https://your-test-server.local", context=ctx) According to docs calling SSLContext constructor directly should work, too. I haven’t tried that.
This work-around is perfect, but just don’t call urllib2.urlopen() prior to 2.7.9 with the context parameter, that’s all. I’m using this in both 2.7.10 and 2.6.x. Check version using this code: sys.version_info >= ( 2, 7, 9 ).
import urllib2, ssl request = urllib2.Request('https://somedomain.co/') response = urllib2.urlopen(request, context=ssl._create_unverified_context()) from urllib.request import urlopen import ssl response = urlopen('https://somedomain.co', context=ssl._create_unverified_context()) Make sure you have a later python version. The version shipped with ubuntu 14.04 does not support this method.
This method works but had change import statement to from urllib.request import urlopen instead of import urllib2 . See the accepted answer at stackoverflow.com/questions/2792650/… for more info.
For those who uses an opener, you can achieve the same thing based on Enno Gröper’s great answer:
import urllib2, ssl ctx = ssl.create_default_context() ctx.check_hostname = False ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ctx), your_first_handler, your_second_handler[. ]) opener.addheaders = [('Referer', 'http://example.org/blah.html')] content = opener.open("https://localhost/").read() And then use it as before.
According to build_opener and HTTPSHandler, a HTTPSHandler is added if ssl module exists, here we just specify our own instead of the default one.
I disagree, IMHO, it’s not similar. The article you mention uses a class extention while this method uses vanilla implementation and only ssl context. That said, the article you mentioned is a good point for whoever wants to alter and extend default HTTPSHandler behavior.
I see what you mean, I hadn’t caught that nuance, yours is definitely cleaner without having to extend anything.
According to @Enno Gröper ‘s post, I’ve tried the SSLContext constructor and it works well on my machine. code as below:
import ssl ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23) urllib2.urlopen("https://your-test-server.local", context=ctx) if you need opener, just added this context like:
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ctx)) NOTE: all above test environment is python 2.7.12. I use PROTOCOL_SSLv23 here since the doc says so, other protocol might also works but depends on your machine and remote server, please check the doc for detail.
A more explicit example, built on Damien’s code (calls a test resource at http://httpbin.org/). For python3. Note that if the server redirects to another URL, uri in add_password has to contain the new root URL (it’s possible to pass a list of URLs, also).
import ssl import urllib.parse import urllib.request def get_resource(uri, user, passwd=False): """ Get the content of the SSL page. """ uri = 'https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd' user = 'user' passwd = 'passwd' context = ssl.create_default_context() context.check_hostname = False context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_mgr.add_password(None, uri, user, passwd) auth_handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(auth_handler, urllib.request.HTTPSHandler(context=context)) urllib.request.install_opener(opener) return urllib.request.urlopen(uri).read() Disable Python requests SSL validation for an imported module
I’m running a Python script that uses the requests package for making web requests. However, the web requests go through a proxy with a self-signed cert. As such, requests raise the following Exception: requests.exceptions.SSLError: («bad handshake: Error([(‘SSL routines’, ‘SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE’, ‘certificate verify failed’)],)»,) I know that SSL validation can be disabled in my own code by passing verify=False , e.g.: requests.get(«https://www.google.com», verify=False) . I also know that if I had the certificate bundle, I could set the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE or CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variables to point to those files. However, I do not have the certificate bundle available. How can I disable SSL validation for external modules without editing their code?
2 Answers 2
Note: This solution is a complete hack.
Short answer: Set the CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variable to an empty string.
$ python import requests requests.get('http://www.google.com') requests.get('https://www.google.com') . File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.17.3-py2.7.egg/requests/adapters.py", line 514, in send raise SSLError(e, request=request) requests.exceptions.SSLError: ("bad handshake: Error([('SSL routines', 'SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'certificate verify failed')],)",) $ CURL_CA_BUNDLE="" python import requests requests.get('http://www.google.com') requests.get('https://www.google.com') /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urllib3-1.21.1-py2.7.egg/urllib3/connectionpool.py:852: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings InsecureRequestWarning) How it works
This solution works because Python requests overwrites the default value for verify from the environment variables CURL_CA_BUNDLE and REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE , as can be seen here:
if verify is True or verify is None: verify = (os.environ.get('REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE') or os.environ.get('CURL_CA_BUNDLE')) The environment variables are meant to specify the path to the certificate file or CA_BUNDLE and are copied into verify . However, by setting CURL_CA_BUNDLE to an empty string, the empty string is copied into verify and in Python, an empty string evaluates to False .
Note that this hack only works with the CURL_CA_BUNDLE environment variable — it does not work with the REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE . This is because verify is set with the following statement:
verify = (os.environ.get(‘REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE’) or os.environ.get(‘CURL_CA_BUNDLE’))
It only works with CURL_CA_BUNDLE because » or None is not the same as None or » , as can be seen below:
print repr(None or "") # Prints: '' print repr("" or None ) # Prints: None