- Python Strings encode() method
- Python String encode() Method Syntax:
- Python String encode() Method Example:
- Python3
- Example 1: Code to print encoding schemes available
- Python3
- Example 2: Code to encode the string
- Python3
- Errors when using wrong encoding scheme
- Example 1: Python String encode() method will raise UnicodeEncodeError if wrong encoding scheme is used
- Python3
- Example 2: Using ‘errors’ parameter to ignore errors while encoding
- Python3
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- Improve your Coding Skills with Practice
- How to Convert a String to UTF-8 in Python?
- Python String
- What is UTF-8 in Python?
- Use encode() to convert a String to UTF-8
- Syntax
- Parameters
- Example
- Conclusion
Python Strings encode() method
Python String encode() converts a string value into a collection of bytes, using an encoding scheme specified by the user.
Python String encode() Method Syntax:
Syntax: encode(encoding, errors)
- encoding: Specifies the encoding on the basis of which encoding has to be performed.
- errors: Decides how to handle the errors if they occur, e.g ‘strict’ raises Unicode error in case of exception and ‘ignore’ ignores the errors that occurred. There are six types of error response
- strict – default response which raises a UnicodeDecodeError exception on failure
- ignore – ignores the unencodable unicode from the result
- replace – replaces the unencodable unicode to a question mark ?
- xmlcharrefreplace – inserts XML character reference instead of unencodable unicode
- backslashreplace – inserts a \uNNNN escape sequence instead of unencodable unicode
- namereplace – inserts a \N escape sequence instead of unencodable unicode
Python String encode() Method Example:
Python3
Example 1: Code to print encoding schemes available
There are certain encoding schemes supported by Python String encode() method. We can get the supported encodings using the Python code below.
Python3
The available encodings are : dict_keys(['ibm039', 'iso_ir_226', '1140', 'iso_ir_110', '1252', 'iso_8859_8', 'iso_8859_3', 'iso_ir_166', 'cp367', 'uu', 'quotedprintable', 'ibm775', 'iso_8859_16_2001', 'ebcdic_cp_ch', 'gb2312_1980', 'ibm852', 'uhc', 'macgreek', '850', 'iso2022jp_2', 'hz_gb_2312', 'elot_928', 'iso8859_1', 'eucjp', 'iso_ir_199', 'ibm865', 'cspc862latinhebrew', '863', 'iso_8859_5', 'latin4', 'windows_1253', 'csisolatingreek', 'latin5', '855', 'windows_1256', 'rot13', 'ms1361', 'windows_1254', 'ibm863', 'iso_8859_14_1998', 'utf8_ucs2', '500', 'iso8859', '775', 'l7', 'l2', 'gb18030_2000', 'l9', 'utf_32be', 'iso_ir_100', 'iso_8859_4', 'iso_ir_157', 'csibm857', 'shiftjis2004', 'iso2022jp_1', 'iso_8859_2_1987', 'cyrillic', 'ibm861', 'ms950', 'ibm437', '866', 'csibm863', '932', 'iso_8859_14', 'cskoi8r', 'csptcp154', '852', 'maclatin2', 'sjis', 'korean', '865', 'u32', 'csshiftjis', 'dbcs', 'csibm037', 'csibm1026', 'bz2', 'quopri', '860', '1255', '861', 'iso_ir_127', 'iso_celtic', 'chinese', 'l8', '1258', 'u_jis', 'cspc850multilingual', 'iso_2022_jp_2', 'greek8', 'csibm861', '646', 'unicode_1_1_utf_7', 'ibm862', 'latin2', 'ecma_118', 'csisolatinarabic', 'zlib', 'iso2022jp_3', 'ksx1001', '858', 'hkscs', 'shiftjisx0213', 'base64', 'ibm857', 'maccentraleurope', 'latin7', 'ruscii', 'cp_is', 'iso_ir_101', 'us_ascii', 'hebrew', 'ansi_x3.4_1986', 'csiso2022jp', 'iso_8859_15', 'ibm860', 'ebcdic_cp_us', 'x_mac_simp_chinese', 'csibm855', '1250', 'maciceland', 'iso_ir_148', 'iso2022jp', 'u16', 'u7', 's_jisx0213', 'iso_8859_6_1987', 'csisolatinhebrew', 'csibm424', 'quoted_printable', 'utf_16le', 'tis260', 'utf', 'x_mac_trad_chinese', '1256', 'cp866u', 'jisx0213', 'csiso58gb231280', 'windows_1250', 'cp1361', 'kz_1048', 'asmo_708', 'utf_16be', 'ecma_114', 'eucjis2004', 'x_mac_japanese', 'utf8', 'iso_ir_6', 'cp_gr', '037', 'big5_tw', 'eucgb2312_cn', 'iso_2022_jp_3', 'euc_cn', 'iso_8859_13', 'iso_8859_5_1988', 'maccyrillic', 'ks_c_5601_1987', 'greek', 'ibm869', 'roman8', 'csibm500', 'ujis', 'arabic', 'strk1048_2002', '424', 'iso_8859_11_2001', 'l5', 'iso_646.irv_1991', '869', 'ibm855', 'eucjisx0213', 'latin1', 'csibm866', 'ibm864', 'big5_hkscs', 'sjis_2004', 'us', 'iso_8859_7', 'macturkish', 'iso_2022_jp_2004', '437', 'windows_1255', 's_jis_2004', 's_jis', '1257', 'ebcdic_cp_wt', 'iso2022jp_2004', 'ms949', 'utf32', 'shiftjis', 'latin', 'windows_1251', '1125', 'ks_x_1001', 'iso_8859_10_1992', 'mskanji', 'cyrillic_asian', 'ibm273', 'tis620', '1026', 'csiso2022kr', 'cspc775baltic', 'iso_ir_58', 'latin8', 'ibm424', 'iso_ir_126', 'ansi_x3.4_1968', 'windows_1257', 'windows_1252', '949', 'base_64', 'ms936', 'csisolatin2', 'utf7', 'iso646_us', 'macroman', '1253', '862', 'iso_8859_1_1987', 'csibm860', 'gb2312_80', 'latin10', 'ksc5601', 'iso_8859_10', 'utf8_ucs4', 'csisolatin4', 'ebcdic_cp_be', 'iso_8859_1', 'hzgb', 'ansi_x3_4_1968', 'ks_c_5601', 'l3', 'cspc8codepage437', 'iso_8859_7_1987', '8859', 'ibm500', 'ibm1026', 'iso_8859_6', 'csibm865', 'ibm866', 'windows_1258', 'iso_ir_138', 'l4', 'utf_32le', 'iso_8859_11', 'thai', '864', 'euc_jis2004', 'cp936', '1251', 'zip', 'unicodebigunmarked', 'csHPRoman8', 'csibm858', 'utf16', '936', 'ibm037', 'iso_8859_8_1988', '857', 'csibm869', 'ebcdic_cp_he', 'cp819', 'euccn', 'iso_8859_2', 'ms932', 'iso_2022_jp_1', 'iso_2022_kr', 'csisolatin6', 'iso_2022_jp', 'x_mac_korean', 'latin3', 'csbig5', 'hz_gb', 'csascii', 'u8', 'csisolatin5', 'csisolatincyrillic', 'ms_kanji', 'cspcp852', 'rk1048', 'iso2022jp_ext', 'csibm273', 'iso_2022_jp_ext', 'ibm858', 'ibm850', 'sjisx0213', 'tis_620_2529_1', 'l10', 'iso_ir_109', 'ibm1125', '1254', 'euckr', 'tis_620_0', 'l1', 'ibm819', 'iso2022kr', 'ibm367', '950', 'r8', 'hex', 'cp154', 'tis_620_2529_0', 'iso_8859_16', 'pt154', 'ebcdic_cp_ca', 'ibm1140', 'l6', 'csibm864', 'csisolatin1', 'csisolatin3', 'latin6', 'iso_8859_9_1989', 'iso_8859_3_1988', 'unicodelittleunmarked', 'macintosh', '273', 'latin9', 'iso_8859_4_1988', 'iso_8859_9', 'ebcdic_cp_nl', 'iso_ir_144'])
Example 2: Code to encode the string
Python3
Errors when using wrong encoding scheme
Example 1: Python String encode() method will raise UnicodeEncodeError if wrong encoding scheme is used
Python3
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xb6' in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
Example 2: Using ‘errors’ parameter to ignore errors while encoding
Python String encode() method with errors parameter set to ‘ignore’ will ignore the errors in conversion of characters into specified encoding scheme.
Python3
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How to Convert a String to UTF-8 in Python?
In this article, we will learn to convert a string to UTF-8 in Python. We will use some built-in functions and some custom code as well. Let’s first have a quick look over what is a string in Python.
Python String
The String is a type in python language just like integer, float, boolean, etc. Data surrounded by single quotes or double quotes are said to be a string. A string is also known as a sequence of characters.
string1 = "apple" string2 = "Preeti125" string3 = "12345" string4 = "pre@12"What is UTF-8 in Python?
UTF is “Unicode Transformation Format” , and ‘8’ means 8-bit values are used in the encoding. It is one of the most efficient and convenient encoding formats among various encodings. In Python, Strings are by default in utf-8 format which means each alphabet corresponds to a unique code point. utf-8 encodes a Unicode string to bytes. The user receives string data on the server instead of bytes because some frameworks or library on the system has implicitly converted some random bytes to string and it happens due to encoding.
A user might encounter a situation where his server receives utf-8 characters but when he tries to retrieve it from the query string, he gets ASCII coding. Therefore, in order to convert the plain string to utf-8, we will use the encode() method to convert a string to utf-8 in python 3.
Use encode() to convert a String to UTF-8
The encode() method returns the encoded version of the string. In case of failure, a UnicodeDecodeError exception may occur.
Syntax
string.encode(encoding = 'UTF-8', errors = 'strict')Parameters
encoding — the encoding type like ‘UTF-8’, ASCII, etc.
errors — response when encoding fails.
There are six types of error responses:
- strict — default response which raises a UnicodeDecodeError exception on failure
- ignore — ignores the unencodable Unicode from the result
- replace — replaces the unencodable Unicode to a question mark?
- xmlcharrefreplace — inserts XML character reference instead of unencodable Unicode
- backslashreplace — inserts a \uNNNN escape sequence instead of unencodable Unicode
- namereplace — inserts a \N escape sequence instead of unencodable Unicode
By default, the encode() method does not take any parameters.
Example
# unicode string string = 'pythön!' # default encoding to utf-8 string_utf = string.encode() print('The encoded version is:', string_utf)The encoded version is: b’pyth\xc3\xb6n!’
Conclusion
In this article, we learned to convert a plain string to utf-8 format using encode() method. You can also try using different encoding formats and error parameters.
