Php web site path

$_SERVER

$_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are accounted for in the » CGI/1.1 specification, and are likely to be defined.

Note: When running PHP on the command line most of these entries will not be available or have any meaning.

In addition to the elements listed below, PHP will create additional elements with values from request headers. These entries will be named HTTP_ followed by the header name, capitalized and with underscores instead of hyphens. For example, the Accept-Language header would be available as $_SERVER[‘HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE’] .

Indices

‘ PHP_SELF ‘ The filename of the currently executing script, relative to the document root. For instance, $_SERVER[‘PHP_SELF’] in a script at the address http://example.com/foo/bar.php would be /foo/bar.php . The __FILE__ constant contains the full path and filename of the current (i.e. included) file. If PHP is running as a command-line processor this variable contains the script name. ‘argv’ Array of arguments passed to the script. When the script is run on the command line, this gives C-style access to the command line parameters. When called via the GET method, this will contain the query string. ‘argc’ Contains the number of command line parameters passed to the script (if run on the command line). ‘ GATEWAY_INTERFACE ‘ What revision of the CGI specification the server is using; e.g. ‘CGI/1.1’ . ‘ SERVER_ADDR ‘ The IP address of the server under which the current script is executing. ‘ SERVER_NAME ‘ The name of the server host under which the current script is executing. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host.

Note: Under Apache 2, UseCanonicalName = On and ServerName must be set. Otherwise, this value reflects the hostname supplied by the client, which can be spoofed. It is not safe to rely on this value in security-dependent contexts.

‘ SERVER_SOFTWARE ‘ Server identification string, given in the headers when responding to requests. ‘ SERVER_PROTOCOL ‘ Name and revision of the information protocol via which the page was requested; e.g. ‘HTTP/1.0’ ; ‘ REQUEST_METHOD ‘ Which request method was used to access the page; e.g. ‘GET’ , ‘HEAD’ , ‘POST’ , ‘PUT’ .

Note:

PHP script is terminated after sending headers (it means after producing any output without output buffering) if the request method was HEAD .

‘ REQUEST_TIME ‘ The timestamp of the start of the request. ‘ REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT ‘ The timestamp of the start of the request, with microsecond precision. ‘ QUERY_STRING ‘ The query string, if any, via which the page was accessed. ‘ DOCUMENT_ROOT ‘ The document root directory under which the current script is executing, as defined in the server’s configuration file. ‘ HTTPS ‘ Set to a non-empty value if the script was queried through the HTTPS protocol. ‘ REMOTE_ADDR ‘ The IP address from which the user is viewing the current page. ‘ REMOTE_HOST ‘ The Host name from which the user is viewing the current page. The reverse dns lookup is based on the REMOTE_ADDR of the user.

Note: The web server must be configured to create this variable. For example in Apache HostnameLookups On must be set inside httpd.conf for it to exist. See also gethostbyaddr() .

‘ REMOTE_PORT ‘ The port being used on the user’s machine to communicate with the web server. ‘ REMOTE_USER ‘ The authenticated user. ‘ REDIRECT_REMOTE_USER ‘ The authenticated user if the request is internally redirected. ‘ SCRIPT_FILENAME ‘

The absolute pathname of the currently executing script.

Note:

If a script is executed with the CLI, as a relative path, such as file.php or ../file.php , $_SERVER[‘SCRIPT_FILENAME’] will contain the relative path specified by the user.

‘ SERVER_ADMIN ‘ The value given to the SERVER_ADMIN (for Apache) directive in the web server configuration file. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host. ‘ SERVER_PORT ‘ The port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication. For default setups, this will be ’80’ ; using SSL, for instance, will change this to whatever your defined secure HTTP port is.

Note: Under Apache 2, UseCanonicalName = On , as well as UseCanonicalPhysicalPort = On must be set in order to get the physical (real) port, otherwise, this value can be spoofed, and it may or may not return the physical port value. It is not safe to rely on this value in security-dependent contexts.

‘ SERVER_SIGNATURE ‘ String containing the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages, if enabled. ‘ PATH_TRANSLATED ‘ Filesystem- (not document root-) based path to the current script, after the server has done any virtual-to-real mapping.

Note: Apache 2 users may use AcceptPathInfo = On inside httpd.conf to define PATH_INFO .

‘ SCRIPT_NAME ‘ Contains the current script’s path. This is useful for pages which need to point to themselves. The __FILE__ constant contains the full path and filename of the current (i.e. included) file. ‘ REQUEST_URI ‘ The URI which was given in order to access this page; for instance, ‘ /index.html ‘. ‘ PHP_AUTH_DIGEST ‘ When doing Digest HTTP authentication this variable is set to the ‘Authorization’ header sent by the client (which you should then use to make the appropriate validation). ‘ PHP_AUTH_USER ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the username provided by the user. ‘ PHP_AUTH_PW ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the password provided by the user. ‘ AUTH_TYPE ‘ When doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the authentication type. ‘ PATH_INFO ‘ Contains any client-provided pathname information trailing the actual script filename but preceding the query string, if available. For instance, if the current script was accessed via the URI http://www.example.com/php/path_info.php/some/stuff?foo=bar , then $_SERVER[‘PATH_INFO’] would contain /some/stuff . ‘ ORIG_PATH_INFO ‘ Original version of ‘ PATH_INFO ‘ before processed by PHP.

Examples

Example #1 $_SERVER example

Источник

Absolute & Relative Paths In PHP (A Simple Guide)

Welcome to a quick tutorial on absolute and relative paths in PHP. So you have set a verified file path, but PHP is still complaining about “missing” files and folders? Yes, it is easy to get lost in absolute and relative paths in PHP.

• An absolute path refers to defining the full exact file path, for example, D:\http\project\lib\file.php .
• While a relative path is based on the current working directory, where the script is located. For example, when we require «html/top.html» in D:\http\page.php , it will resolve to D:\http\html\top.html .

The covers the basics, but let us walk through more on how file paths work in PHP – Read on!

ⓘ I have included a zip file with all the source code at the start of this tutorial, so you don’t have to copy-paste everything… Or if you just want to dive straight in.

TLDR – QUICK SLIDES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PHP FILE PATH

All right, let us now get into the examples of how file paths work in PHP.

1) ABSOLUTE & RELATIVE PATH

• An absolute file path is simply the “full file path”. Although a bit long-winded, it’s hard to mess up with this one.
• On the other hand, the relative file path is based on the current working directory.

But just what the heck is the “current working directory”? Follow up with the next example.

2) CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY (CWD)

In simple terms, the current working directory is the folder where the script is placed in. We can easily get the current working directory with the getcwd() function.

3) CONFUSION WITH THE CURRENT WORKING DIRECTORY

// (A) CWD IS BASED ON THE FIRST SCRIPT! // if this script is placed at "D:\http\inside\3-cwd.php" // cwd is "D:\http\inside" require "D:\\http\\2-cwd.php";

So far so good with relative paths? Now comes the part that destroyed many beginners, take note that this example script is placed at D:\http\inside . Guess what getcwd() shows when we run this example? Yes, the current working directory now changes to D:\http\inside . Keep in mind, the current working directory is fixed to the first script that runs .

4) CHANGING THE WORKING DIRECTORY

The current working directory will surely mess up a lot of relative paths. So, how do we fix this problem? Thankfully, we can use the chdir() function to change the current working directory.

5) MAGIC CONSTANTS

"; // (B) CURRENT FOLDER // if this file is placed at "D:\http\5-magic.php" // __DIR__ is "D:\http" echo __DIR__ . "
";

• __FILE__ is the full path and file name where the current script is located.
• __DIR__ is the folder where the current script is located.

6) MAGIC CONSTANTS VS WORKING DIRECTORY

"; // (B) CURRENT FOLDER // if this file is placed at "D:\http\inside\6-magic.php" // __DIR__ is "D:\http\inside" echo __DIR__ . "
"; // (C) GET PARENT FOLDER $parent = dirname(__DIR__) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; require $parent . "5-magic.php";

• The current working directory is based on the first script that we run.
• Magic constants are based on where the scripts are placed in .

Yes, magic constants are the better way to do “pathfinding”, and to build absolute paths.

7) MORE PATH YOGA

"; // D:\http echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] . "
"; // 7-extra.php echo $_SERVER["SCRIPT_FILENAME"] . "
"; // D:/http/7-extra.php // (B) PATH INFO $parts = pathinfo("D:\\http\inside\\index.php"); echo $parts["dirname"] . "
"; // D:\http\inside echo $parts["basename"] . "
"; // index.php echo $parts["filename"] . "
"; // index echo $parts["extension"] . "
"; // php // (C) BASENAME $path = "D:\\http\\inside"; echo basename($path) . "
"; // inside $path = "D:\\http\\inside\\foo.php"; echo basename($path) . "
"; // foo.php $path = "D:\\http\\inside\\foo.php"; echo basename($path, ".php") . "
"; // foo // (D) DIRNAME $path = "D:\\http\\inside\\"; echo dirname($path) . "
"; // D:\http echo dirname($path, 2) . "
"; // D:\ // (E) REALPATH echo realpath("") . "
"; // D:\http echo realpath("../") . "
"; // D:\ 

Finally, this is a quick crash course on the various variables and functions that may help you find the file path.

SERVER SUPERGLOBAL

• $_SERVER[«DOCUMENT_ROOT»] – Contains the root HTTP folder.
• $_SERVER[«PHP_SELF»] – The relative path to the script.
• $_SERVER[«SCRIPT_FILENAME»] – The full path to the script.

PATH INFO

• dirname – The directory of the given path.
• basename – The filename with extension.
• filename – Filename, without extension.
• extension – File extension.

BASENAME

The basename() function will give you the trailing directory or file of a given path.

DIRNAME

The dirname() function will give you the parent directory of a given path.

REALPATH

The realpath() function gives you a canonicalized absolute path… Kind of useful, but still based on the current working directory.

DOWNLOAD & NOTES

Here is the download link to the example code, so you don’t have to copy-paste everything.

SUPPORT

600+ free tutorials & projects on Code Boxx and still growing. I insist on not turning Code Boxx into a «paid scripts and courses» business, so every little bit of support helps.

EXAMPLE CODE DOWNLOAD

Click here for the source code on GitHub gist, just click on “download zip” or do a git clone. I have released it under the MIT license, so feel free to build on top of it or use it in your own project.

EXTRA BITS & LINKS

That’s all for the tutorial, and here is a small section on some extras and links that may be useful to you.

EXTRA) FORWARD OR BACKWARD SLASH?

Not really a big problem though, just use DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR in PHP and it will automatically resolve to the “correct slash”.

EXTRA) CASE SENSITIVE

• We have a Foo.php script.
• Windows is not case-sensitive – require «FOO.PHP» will work.
• But Mac/Linux is case-sensitive – require «FOO.PHP» will throw a “file not found” error.

ALL THE PATH-RELATED VARIABLES

ALL THE PATH-RELATED FUNCTIONS

• dirname – The directory of the given path.
• basename – The filename with extension.
• filename – Filename, without extension.
• extension – File extension.

LINKS & REFERENCES

INFOGRAPHICS CHEAT SHEET

THE END

Thank you for reading, and we have come to the end of this guide. I hope it has helped you find the true path, and if you have anything to add to this guide, please feel free to comment below. Good luck and happy coding!

Источник