Php warning require failed to open stream no such file or directory in

PHP — Failed to open stream : No such file or directory

In PHP scripts, whether calling include() , require() , fopen() , or their derivatives such as include_once , require_once , or even, move_uploaded_file() , one often runs into an error or warning:

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I got the same problem , the only solution which worked always is : -1 Go to the file to include , right botton , properties , copy the complete path For Example : C:/. /file.php 2- include it . Actually i saw that this question is answered , and the answer is validated , but for me in some cases didn’t work , till i find the way described above .

@Rash thanks for contributing. Unfortunately your solution is wrong, because it will mention the absolute path name, and that is wrong. The reason why this is wrong, is because then the moment you copy your project somewhere else, or move it inside your computer, everything will break.

11 Answers 11

There are many reasons why one might run into this error and thus a good checklist of what to check first helps considerably.

Let’s consider that we are troubleshooting the following line:

Checklist

1. Check the file path for typos

• either check manually (by visually checking the path)
• or move whatever is called by require* or include* to its own variable, echo it, copy it, and try accessing it from a terminal:

$path = "/path/to/file"; echo "Path : $path"; require "$path"; 

2. Check that the file path is correct regarding relative vs absolute path considerations

• if it is starting by a forward slash «/» then it is not referring to the root of your website’s folder (the document root), but to the root of your server.
  • for example, your website’s directory might be /users/tony/htdocs
  • thus, not relative to the path of your web site’s root, or to the file where you are typing
  • for that reason, always use absolute file paths

  In order to make your script robust in case you move things around, while still generating an absolute path at runtime, you have 2 options :

  1. use require __DIR__ . «/relative/path/from/current/file» . The __DIR__ magic constant returns the directory of the current file.
  2. define a SITE_ROOT constant yourself :
  3. at the root of your web site’s directory, create a file, e.g. config.php
  4. in config.php , write

  require_once __DIR__."/../config.php"; . require_once SITE_ROOT."/other/file.php"; 

  These 2 practices also make your application more portable because it does not rely on ini settings like the include path.

  3. Check your include path

  Another way to include files, neither relatively nor purely absolutely, is to rely on the include path. This is often the case for libraries or frameworks such as the Zend framework.

  Such an inclusion will look like this :

  include "Zend/Mail/Protocol/Imap.php" 

  In that case, you will want to make sure that the folder where «Zend» is, is part of the include path.

  You can check the include path with :

  You can add a folder to it with :

  set_include_path(get_include_path().":"."/path/to/new/folder"); 

  4. Check that your server has access to that file

  It might be that all together, the user running the server process (Apache or PHP) simply doesn’t have permission to read from or write to that file.

  To check under what user the server is running you can use posix_getpwuid :

  $user = posix_getpwuid(posix_geteuid()); var_dump($user); 

  To find out the permissions on the file, type the following command in the terminal:

  5. Check PHP settings

  If none of the above worked, then the issue is probably that some PHP settings forbid it to access that file.

  Three settings could be relevant :

  1. open_basedir
     • If this is set PHP won’t be able to access any file outside of the specified directory (not even through a symbolic link).
     • However, the default behavior is for it not to be set in which case there is no restriction
     • This can be checked by either calling phpinfo() or by using ini_get(«open_basedir»)
     • You can change the setting either by editing your php.ini file or your httpd.conf file
  2. safe mode
     • if this is turned on restrictions might apply. However, this has been removed in PHP 5.4. If you are still on a version that supports safe mode upgrade to a PHP version that is still being supported.
  3. allow_url_fopen and allow_url_include
     • this applies only to including or opening files through a network process such as http:// not when trying to include files on the local file system
     • this can be checked with ini_get(«allow_url_include») and set with ini_set(«allow_url_include», «1»)

  Corner cases

  If none of the above enabled to diagnose the problem, here are some special situations that could happen :

  1. The inclusion of library relying on the include path

  It can happen that you include a library, for example, the Zend framework, using a relative or absolute path. For example :

  require "/usr/share/php/libzend-framework-php/Zend/Mail/Protocol/Imap.php" 

  But then you still get the same kind of error.

  This could happen because the file that you have (successfully) included, has itself an include statement for another file, and that second include statement assumes that you have added the path of that library to the include path.

  For example, the Zend framework file mentioned before could have the following include :

  include "Zend/Mail/Protocol/Exception.php" 

  which is neither an inclusion by relative path, nor by absolute path. It is assuming that the Zend framework directory has been added to the include path.

  In such a case, the only practical solution is to add the directory to your include path.

  2. SELinux

  If you are running Security-Enhanced Linux, then it might be the reason for the problem, by denying access to the file from the server.

  To check whether SELinux is enabled on your system, run the sestatus command in a terminal. If the command does not exist, then SELinux is not on your system. If it does exist, then it should tell you whether it is enforced or not.

  To check whether SELinux policies are the reason for the problem, you can try turning it off temporarily. However be CAREFUL, since this will disable protection entirely. Do not do this on your production server.

  If you no longer have the problem with SELinux turned off, then this is the root cause.

  To solve it, you will have to configure SELinux accordingly.

  The following context types will be necessary :

  • httpd_sys_content_t for files that you want your server to be able to read
  • httpd_sys_rw_content_t for files on which you want read and write access
  • httpd_log_t for log files
  • httpd_cache_t for the cache directory

  For example, to assign the httpd_sys_content_t context type to your website root directory, run :

  semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t "/path/to/root(/.*)?" restorecon -Rv /path/to/root 

  If your file is in a home directory, you will also need to turn on the httpd_enable_homedirs boolean :

  setsebool -P httpd_enable_homedirs 1 

  In any case, there could be a variety of reasons why SELinux would deny access to a file, depending on your policies. So you will need to enquire into that. Here is a tutorial specifically on configuring SELinux for a web server.

  3. Symfony

  If you are using Symfony, and experiencing this error when uploading to a server, then it can be that the app’s cache hasn’t been reset, either because app/cache has been uploaded, or that cache hasn’t been cleared.

  You can test and fix this by running the following console command:

  4. Non ACSII characters inside Zip file

  Apparently, this error can happen also upon calling zip->close() when some files inside the zip have non-ASCII characters in their filename, such as «é».

  A potential solution is to wrap the file name in utf8_decode() before creating the target file.

  Credits to Fran Cano for identifying and suggesting a solution to this issue

  I think mention of selinux may be a good idea here. you will atleast need httpd_sys_content_t (Read-only directories and files used by Apache) permission on included files.

  Thanks a lot for the suggestion. Since I am not familiar with SELinux, I did some reading and tried to answer this case. Please feel free to feedback or suggest some edits if it is not correct. Thanks again for the comment !

  chcon is temporary and won’t survive a restorecon or a reboot. you may need to use semanage to change the file’s context. Here is a good simple tutorial for web site

  @chrishiestand thanks a lot ! That article is really interesting ! Do you remember what was the course of events that led to that error ? Was it that initially user didn’t have read access to a file, then it got changed, but the cache still considered it was not readable, so it threw that error upon file open ?

  To add to the (really good) existing answer

  Shared Hosting Software

  open_basedir is one that can stump you because it can be specified in a web server configuration. While this is easily remedied if you run your own dedicated server, there are some shared hosting software packages out there (like Plesk, cPanel, etc) that will configure a configuration directive on a per-domain basis. Because the software builds the configuration file (i.e. httpd.conf ) you cannot change that file directly because the hosting software will just overwrite it when it restarts.

  With Plesk, they provide a place to override the provided httpd.conf called vhost.conf . Only the server admin can write this file. The configuration for Apache looks something like this

    php_admin_flag engine on php_admin_flag safe_mode off php_admin_value open_basedir "/var/www/vhosts/domain.com:/tmp:/usr/share/pear:/local/PEAR"  

  Have your server admin consult the manual for the hosting and web server software they use.

  File Permissions

  It’s important to note that executing a file through your web server is very different from a command line or cron job execution. The big difference is that your web server has its own user and permissions. For security reasons that user is pretty restricted. Apache, for instance, is often apache , www-data or httpd (depending on your server). A cron job or CLI execution has whatever permissions that the user running it has (i.e. running a PHP script as root will execute with permissions of root).

  A lot of times people will solve a permissions problem by doing the following (Linux example)

  This is not a smart idea, because the file or directory is now world writable. If you own the server and are the only user then this isn’t such a big deal, but if you’re on a shared hosting environment you’ve just given everyone on your server access.

  What you need to do is determine the user(s) that need access and give only those them access. Once you know which users need access you’ll want to make sure that

  That user owns the file and possibly the parent directory (especially the parent directory if you want to write files). In most shared hosting environments this won’t be an issue, because your user should own all the files underneath your root. A Linux example is shown below

   chown apache:apache /path/to/file 

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