Php file match pattern

PHP glob

Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn how to use the PHP glob() function to get the list of files and directories that match a pattern.

Introduction to the PHP glob() function

The glob() function finds pathnames that match a pattern.

Here’s the syntax of the glob() function:

glob ( string $pattern , int $flags = 0 ) : array|falseCode language: PHP (php)

The glob() function takes two parameters:

The $pattern is the pattern to match. To construct a pattern, you use the following special characters:

• Use * to match zero or more characters
• Use — to match exactly one character
• Use [] to match one character from a group of characters listed in the [] . To negate the matching, you use the ! character as the first character in the group.
• Use \ to escape the following characters, except when the GLOB_NOESCAPE flag is set.

The $flag is one or more options that determine the behavior of the glob() function.

For example, if the $flag is GLOB_MARK , the glob() function adds a slash ( / ) or backslash ( \ ) to each matching directory. For a complete list of valid flags, check the glob() function documentation.

To combine flags, you use the | character. For example: GLOB_ONLYDIR|GLOB_NOSORT .

The glob() function returns an array that contains the matched files/directories.

If no files or directories match the pattern, the glob() function returns an empty array.

If an error occurs, the glob() function returns an false .

PHP glob() function examples

Let’s take some examples of using the PHP glob() function.

1) Using the PHP glob() function to list all files in a directory

The following example uses the glob() funtion to list all *.php file in the src directory:

 $path = 'src/*.php'; $filenames = glob($path); foreach ($filenames as $filename) < echo $filename . '
'; >Code language: PHP (php)

In this example, the pattern *.php matches any file whose extension is php .

2) Using the PHP glob() function to calculate get the total size of files

To get the total size of files in a directory which match a pattern, you use these steps:

• First, find the matching files using the glob() function.
• Second, get the size of each file by passing the result of the glob() function to the array_map() function.
• Third, get the total size by passing the result of the array_map() to the array_sum() function.

The following code illustrates how to use the glob() , array_map(), and array_sum() function to find the total size of the *.php files in the src directory:

echo array_sum(array_map('filesize', glob('./src/*.php')));Code language: PHP (php)

3) Using the PHP glob() function to include the dotfiles

The glob(‘*’) ignores hidden files by default. This means that it doesn’t return the file whose name starts with a dot e.g., ( .gitignore ), which are known as dotfiles.

If you want to match the dotfiles, you can use the * as the pattern with the GLOB_BRACE flag. This pattern excludes the directories . and .. :

$filenames = glob('*', GLOB_BRACE); foreach ($filenames as $filename) < echo $filename . '
'; >Code language: PHP (php)

Summary

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Regex for finding valid filename

I want to check whether a string is a file name (name DOT ext) or not. Name of file cannot contain / ? * : ; < >\ Could you please suggest me the regex expression to use in preg_match()?

5 Answers 5

«One or more characters that aren’t any of these ones, then a dot, then some more characters that aren’t these ones.»

(As long as you’re sure that the dot is really required — if not, it’s simply: «[^/?*:;<>\\]+»

@Richie, do you really need the second backslash just before the dot separator? shouldn’t it be . >\\]+\.[^/.

@Rob Wells: It is necessary since PHP strings use the backslash as an escape character as well. «\\» in a PHP string is translated to «\» in the regex. That «\.» is translated to «\.» is a coincidence resulting from the fact that «\.» has no meaning to PHP and is therefore left unchanged. Nontheless it is sloppy not to escape the backslash.

error coming. might be my mistake, please see I entered $page_regex = «[[^/?*:;<>\]+\\.[^/?*:;<>\]+»; $len = $this->REQ_URI_PATH_E_LEN; //length of $this->REQ_URI_PATH_E_LEN given below $page = $this->REQ_URI_PATH_E[$len — 1]; //holds path elements like 0=>posts, 1=>hello, 2=>newp.php for localhost/posts/hello/newp.php?id=3 if(preg_match($page_regex,$page)) echo «page»; else echo «Folder»; error is «Warning: preg_match() [function.preg-match]: No ending matching delimiter ‘]’ found in line» I might be wrong with the syntax, please correct me.

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fnmatch

fnmatch() checks if the passed filename would match the given shell wildcard pattern .

Parameters

The shell wildcard pattern.

The tested string. This function is especially useful for filenames, but may also be used on regular strings.

The average user may be used to shell patterns or at least in their simplest form to ‘?’ and ‘*’ wildcards so using fnmatch() instead of preg_match() for frontend search expression input may be way more convenient for non-programming users.

The value of flags can be any combination of the following flags, joined with the binary OR (|) operator.

A list of possible flags for fnmatch()

Flag	Description
FNM_NOESCAPE	Disable backslash escaping.
FNM_PATHNAME	Slash in string only matches slash in the given pattern.
FNM_PERIOD	Leading period in string must be exactly matched by period in the given pattern.
FNM_CASEFOLD	Caseless match. Part of the GNU extension.

Return Values

Returns true if there is a match, false otherwise.

Examples

Example #1 Checking a color name against a shell wildcard pattern

Notes

For now, this function is not available on non-POSIX compliant systems except Windows.

See Also

• glob() — Find pathnames matching a pattern
• preg_match() — Perform a regular expression match
• sscanf() — Parses input from a string according to a format
• printf() — Output a formatted string
• sprintf() — Return a formatted string

User Contributed Notes 9 notes

Here’s a definitive solution, which supports negative character classes and the four documented flags.

if (! function_exists ( ‘fnmatch’ )) <
define ( ‘FNM_PATHNAME’ , 1 );
define ( ‘FNM_NOESCAPE’ , 2 );
define ( ‘FNM_PERIOD’ , 4 );
define ( ‘FNM_CASEFOLD’ , 16 );

function fnmatch ( $pattern , $string , $flags = 0 ) <
return pcre_fnmatch ( $pattern , $string , $flags );
>
>

$pattern = ‘#^’
. strtr ( preg_quote ( $pattern , ‘#’ ), $transforms )
. ‘$#’
. $modifiers ;

return (boolean) preg_match ( $pattern , $string );
>

?>

This probably needs further testing, but it seems to function identically to the native fnmatch implementation.

There is a problem within the pcre_fnmatch-Function concerning backslashes. Those will be masked by preq_quote and ADDITONALLY by the strtr if FN_NOESCAPE is not set -> something like «*a(*» will finally result in «#^.*a\\(.*$#». Note the double backslash which effectively does NOT mask the «(» correctly.

Since preq_quote always matches a backslash I don’t think that this’ll work with using preg_quote at all.

An addition to my previous note: My statement regarding the FNM_* constants was wrong. They are available on POSIX-compliant systems (in other words, if fnmatch() is defined).

soywiz’s function didnt seem to work for me, but this did.

if(! function_exists ( ‘fnmatch’ ))

function fnmatch ( $pattern , $string ) return preg_match ( «#^» . strtr ( preg_quote ( $pattern , ‘#’ ), array( ‘\*’ => ‘.*’ , ‘\?’ => ‘.’ )). «$#i» , $string );
> // end

soywiz’s function still doesn’t seem to work — at least not with PHP 5.2.3 on Windows — but jk’s does.

you couls also try this function that I wrote before I found fnmatch:

function WildToReg($str)
$s = «»;
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
$c = $str;
if ($c ==’?’)
$s .= ‘.’; // any character
else if ($c == ‘*’)
$s .= ‘.*’; // 0 or more any characters
else if ($c == ‘[‘ || $c == ‘]’)
$s .= $c; // one of characters within []
else
$s .= ‘\\’ . $c;
>
$s = ‘^’ . $s . ‘$’;

//trim redundant ^ or $
//eg ^.*\.txt$ matches exactly the same as \.txt$
if (substr($s,0,3) == «^.*»)
$s = substr($s,3);
if (substr($s,-3,3) == «.*$»)
$s = substr($s,0,-3);
return $s;
>

if (ereg(WildToReg(«*.txt»), $fn))
print «$fn is a text file»;
else
print «$fn is not a text file»;

About the windows compat functions below:
I needed fnmatch for a application that had to work on Windows, took a look here and tested both. Jk’s works for me, soywiz didn’t (on WinXPSP2, PHP 5.2.3).
The only difference between them is addcslashes (soywiz) instead of preg_quote (jk). They _should_ both work, but for some reason soywiz’s didn’t for me. So YMMV.
However, to make JK’s fnmatch() work with the example in the documentation, you also have to strtr the [ and ] in $pattern.
$pattern = strtr ( preg_quote ( $pattern , ‘#’ ), array( ‘\*’ => ‘.*’ , ‘\?’ => ‘.’ , ‘\[‘ => ‘[‘ , ‘\]’ => ‘]’ ));
?>
And thanks for the functions, guys.

Possible flags (scratched out of fnmatch.h):
.

FNM_PATHNAME:
> Slash in $string only matches slash in $pattern.

FNM_PERIOD:
> Leading period in $string must be exactly matched by period in $pattern.

FNM_NOESCAPE:
> Disable backslash escaping.

FNM_FILE_NAME:
> Alias of FNM_PATHNAME.

FNM_LEADING_DIR:
> From fnmatch.h: /* Ignore `/. ‘ after a match. */

FNM_CASEFOLD:
> Caseless match.

Since they’re appearing in file.c, but are not available in PHP, we’ll have to define them ourselves:
define ( ‘FNM_PATHNAME’ , 1 );
define ( ‘FNM_PERIOD’ , 4 );
define ( ‘FNM_NOESCAPE’ , 2 );
// GNU extensions
define ( ‘FNM_FILE_NAME’ , FNM_PATHNAME );
define ( ‘FNM_LEADING_DIR’ , 8 );
define ( ‘FNM_CASEFOLD’ , 16 );
?>

I didn’t test any of these except casefold, which worked for me.

fnmatch is not 100% reliable. Bug 14185 is still open and may or may not have been patched.

In certain wildcard circumstance fnmatch(«*needle*», $haystack, match) returns false intermittantly

However stripos or preg returns a «find».

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PHP check if file contains a string

I’m trying to see if a file contains a string that is sent to the page. I’m not sure what is wrong with this code:

?php $valid = FALSE; $id = $_GET['id']; $file = './uuids.txt'; $handle = fopen($file, "r"); if ($handle) < // Read file line-by-line while (($buffer = fgets($handle)) !== false) < if (strpos($buffer, $id) === false) $valid = TRUE; >> fclose($handle); if($valid)

6 Answers 6

In response to comments on memory usage:

@nyedidikeke sure, create a file with 10 strings, apply that code, it will miss the 1st string and the last one.

For larger files, this code is more efficient (as it reads line by line, instead of entire file at once).

$handle = fopen('path_to_your_file', 'r'); $valid = false; // init as false while (($buffer = fgets($handle)) !== false) < if (strpos($buffer, $id) !== false) < $valid = TRUE; break; // Once you find the string, you should break out the loop. >> fclose($handle); 

ps, by more efficient , he means probably slower (unless file_get_contents use so much ram that you start swapping, in which case this might be faster), but should use significantly less ram , also warning, this algorithm will NOT work for finding strings containing newlines, except if the only newline is at the very end of the string, keep that in mind 🙂

he did say «larger files» and well if the file gets really large (like the file with the really many password hashes that was released recently) one might easily hit the memory limit

This is working, I have tested end to end.

function getDirContents($dir, &$results = array()) < if ($_POST['search'] == null) exit; ini_set('max_execution_time', $_POST['maxtime']); $_SESSION['searchString'] = $_POST['search']; echo ""; if (!isset($_POST['case'])) $string = strtolower($_POST['search']); else $string = $_POST['search']; $files = scandir($dir); foreach ($files as $key => $value) < $path = realpath($dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $value); if (!is_dir($path)) < $content = file_get_contents($path); if (!isset($_POST['case'])) $content = strtolower(file_get_contents($path)); if (strpos($content, $string) !== false) < echo $path . "
"; > $results[] = $path; > else if ($value != "." && $value != "..") < getDirContents($path, $results); $results[] = $path; >> return $results; > 

Here are the matching text codes from a txt file.

 $file = 'test.txt'; $searchfor = 'prince'; // the following line prevents the browser from parsing this as HTML. header('Content-Type: text/plain'); // get the file contents, assuming the file to be readable (and exist) $contents = file_get_contents($file); // escape special characters in the query $pattern = preg_quote($searchfor, '/'); // finalise the regular expression, matching the whole line $pattern = "/^.*$pattern.*\$/m"; // search, and store all matching occurences in $matches if(preg_match_all($pattern, $contents, $matches)) < echo "Found matches:\n"; echo implode("\n", $matches[0]); >else

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