Php add query string

http_build_query

Generates a URL-encoded query string from the associative (or indexed) array provided.

Parameters

May be an array or object containing properties.

If data is an array, it may be a simple one-dimensional structure, or an array of arrays (which in turn may contain other arrays).

If data is an object, then only public properties will be incorporated into the result.

If numeric indices are used in the base array and this parameter is provided, it will be prepended to the numeric index for elements in the base array only.

This is meant to allow for legal variable names when the data is decoded by PHP or another CGI application later on.

The argument separator. If not set or null , arg_separator.output is used to separate arguments.

By default, PHP_QUERY_RFC1738 .

If encoding_type is PHP_QUERY_RFC1738 , then encoding is performed per » RFC 1738 and the application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type, which implies that spaces are encoded as plus ( + ) signs.

If encoding_type is PHP_QUERY_RFC3986 , then encoding is performed according to » RFC 3986, and spaces will be percent encoded ( %20 ).

Return Values

Returns a URL-encoded string.

Changelog

Examples

Example #1 Simple usage of http_build_query()

$data = array(
‘foo’ => ‘bar’ ,
‘baz’ => ‘boom’ ,
‘cow’ => ‘milk’ ,
‘null’ => null ,
‘php’ => ‘hypertext processor’
);

echo http_build_query ( $data ) . «\n» ;
echo http_build_query ( $data , » , ‘&’ );

The above example will output:

foo=bar&baz=boom&cow=milk&php=hypertext+processor foo=bar&baz=boom&cow=milk&php=hypertext+processor

Example #2 http_build_query() with numerically index elements.

$data = array( ‘foo’ , ‘bar’ , ‘baz’ , null , ‘boom’ , ‘cow’ => ‘milk’ , ‘php’ => ‘hypertext processor’ );

echo http_build_query ( $data ) . «\n» ;
echo http_build_query ( $data , ‘myvar_’ );
?>

The above example will output:

0=foo&1=bar&2=baz&4=boom&cow=milk&php=hypertext+processor myvar_0=foo&myvar_1=bar&myvar_2=baz&myvar_4=boom&cow=milk&php=hypertext+processor

Example #3 http_build_query() with complex arrays

$data = array(
‘user’ => array(
‘name’ => ‘Bob Smith’ ,
‘age’ => 47 ,
‘sex’ => ‘M’ ,
‘dob’ => ‘5/12/1956’
),
‘pastimes’ => array( ‘golf’ , ‘opera’ , ‘poker’ , ‘rap’ ),
‘children’ => array(
‘bobby’ => array( ‘age’ => 12 , ‘sex’ => ‘M’ ),
‘sally’ => array( ‘age’ => 8 , ‘sex’ => ‘F’ )
),
‘CEO’
);

echo http_build_query ( $data , ‘flags_’ );
?>

The above example will output: (word wrapped for readability)

user%5Bname%5D=Bob+Smith&user%5Bage%5D=47&user%5Bsex%5D=M& user%5Bdob%5D=5%2F12%2F1956&pastimes%5B0%5D=golf&pastimes%5B1%5D=opera& pastimes%5B2%5D=poker&pastimes%5B3%5D=rap&children%5Bbobby%5D%5Bage%5D=12& children%5Bbobby%5D%5Bsex%5D=M&children%5Bsally%5D%5Bage%5D=8& children%5Bsally%5D%5Bsex%5D=F&flags_0=CEO

Note:

Only the numerically indexed element in the base array «CEO» received a prefix. The other numeric indices, found under pastimes, do not require a string prefix to be legal variable names.

Example #4 Using http_build_query() with an object

class parentClass public $pub = ‘publicParent’ ;
protected $prot = ‘protectedParent’ ;
private $priv = ‘privateParent’ ;
public $pub_bar = null ;
protected $prot_bar = null ;
private $priv_bar = null ;

public function __construct () $this -> pub_bar = new childClass ();
$this -> prot_bar = new childClass ();
$this -> priv_bar = new childClass ();
>
>

class childClass public $pub = ‘publicChild’ ;
protected $prot = ‘protectedChild’ ;
private $priv = ‘privateChild’ ;
>

echo http_build_query ( $parent );
?>

The above example will output:

pub=publicParent&pub_bar%5Bpub%5D=publicChild

See Also

• parse_str() — Parses the string into variables
• parse_url() — Parse a URL and return its components
• urlencode() — URL-encodes string
• array_walk() — Apply a user supplied function to every member of an array

User Contributed Notes 24 notes

Params with null value do not present in result string.

$arr = array( ‘test’ => null , ‘test2’ => 1 );
echo http_build_query ( $arr );
?>

will produce:

Number to string conversion occured in is affected by locale settings, which might not be obvious.

setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘us_En’ );
http_build_query ( $params ) // v=5.63

setlocale ( LC_ALL , ‘ru_RU’ );
http_build_query ( $params ) // v=5,63 mind the comma
?>

Passing null to $arg_separator is the same as passing an empty string, which is probably not what you want.

If you need to change the enc_type, use this:

http_build_query($query, null, ini_get(‘arg_separator.output’), PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);

// BAD CODE!
http_build_query($query, null, null, PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);

if you send boolean values it transform in integer :

$a = [teste1= true,teste2=false];
echo http_build_query($a)

//result will be teste1=1&teste2=0

This function makes like this

$query = http_build_query($query);
$query = preg_replace(‘/%5B2+%5D/simU’, ‘%5B%5D’, $query);

As noted before, with php5.3 the separator is & on some servers it seems. Normally if posting to another php5.3 machine this will not be a problem.

But if you post to a tomcat java server or something else the & might not be handled properly.

http_build_query($array); //gives & to some servers

If you need the inverse functionality, and (like me) you cannot use pecl_http, you may want to use something akin to the following.

// mimic the behavior of $_GET, see also RFC 1738 and 3986.
$Delimiter = ini_get ( ‘arg_separator.input’ );
$Params = array();

if (!empty( $NameValueParts [ ‘indices_present’ ])) $Indices = explode ( ‘][‘ , $NameValueParts [ ‘indices’ ]);

foreach ( $Indices as $Index ) if (! is_array ( $Param )) $Param = array();
>

if ( $Index === » ) $Param [] = array();
end ( $Param );
$Param =& $Param [ key ( $Param )];
> else if ( ctype_digit ( $Index ))

if (! array_key_exists ( $Index , $Param )) $Param [ $Index ] = array();
>
$Param =& $Param [ $Index ];
>
>
>

if (!empty( $NameValueParts [ ‘value_present’ ])) $Param = urldecode ( $NameValueParts [ ‘value’ ]);
> else $Param = » ;
>
>
>

Is it worth noting that if query_data is an associative array and a value is itself an empty array, or an array of nothing but empty array (or arrays containing only empty arrays etc.), the corresponding key will not appear in the resulting query string?
E.g.

$post_data = array(‘name’=>’miller’, ‘address’=>array(‘address_lines’=>array()), ‘age’=>23);
echo http_build_query($post_data);

When using the http_build_query function to create a URL query from an array for use in something like curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_url), be careful about the url encoding.

In my case, I simply wanted to pass on the received $_POST data to a CURL’s POST data, which requires it to be in the URL format. If something like a space [ ] goes into the http_build_query, it comes out as a +. If you’re then sending this off for POST again, you won’t get the expected result. This is good for GET but not POST.

Instead you can make your own simple function if you simply want to pass along the data:

$post_url = » ;
foreach ( $_POST AS $key => $value )
$post_url .= $key . ‘=’ . $value . ‘&’ ;
$post_url = rtrim ( $post_url , ‘&’ );
?>

You can then use this to pass along POST data in CURL.

$ch = curl_init ( $some_url );
curl_setopt ( $ch , CURLOPT_POST , true );
curl_setopt ( $ch , CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS , $post_url );
curl_exec ( $ch );
?>

Note that at the final page that processes the POST data, you should be properly filtering/escaping it.

As noted, this function omits keys with null values. This could break some code which treats the key as boolean, and so has no value, or other code expecting the array to be populated regardless of value.

A workaround for this is to replace the null values with an empty string:

// Compensate for fact that http_build_query omits null values
foreach($data as &$datum) if($datum===null) $datum=»;

Losing the null-ness of the original is no real loss if it’s supposed to be a real query string. If the null is important, you could use a dummy value instead.

Be careful about Example 1 — it is exactly how *not* to implement things.

You should HTML encode your URL if embedding it in a web page. This is more involved than just replacing & with &. Doing as this example suggests is a security hole waiting to happen.

Correct implementation of coding the array of params without indexes (valdikks fixed code — didnt work for inner arrays):

I noticed that even with the magic quotes disabled, http_build_query() automagically adds slashes to strings.

So, I had to add «stripslashes» to every string variable.

on my install of PHP 5.3, http_build_query() seems to use & as the default separator. Kind of interesting when combined with stream_context_create() for a POST request, and getting $_POST[‘amp;fieldName’] on the receiving end.

When using http_build_query($args) where $args is an array; note that there is a limit to the size of array. See max_input_vars in your php.ini to increase this size.

Источник

WP-Mix

Two quick functions, one for adding a query string variable and another to remove a query string variable. Either of these functions can be used in any PHP script to modify query-string parameters.

Add Query String Variable

Here is a function that will add the specified query-string variable (key and value) to the specified URL:

function shapeSpace_add_var($url, $key, $value) < $url = preg_replace('/(.*)(?|&)'. $key .'=[^&]+?(&)(.*)/i', '$1$2$4', $url .'&'); $url = substr($url, 0, -1); if (strpos($url, '?') === false) < return ($url .'?'. $key .'='. $value); >else < return ($url .'&'. $key .'='. $value); >>

This function accepts three variables:

• $url – URL to which the query-string variable should be added
• $key – query-string variable key
• $value – query-string variable value

So for example, if you have the following URL:

..and you would like to add a query-string variable such as goodbye=nightclub , we can use the previous function like so:

$url = 'http://example.com/whatever/?hello=world'; shapeSpace_add_var($url, 'goodbye', 'nightclub');

The resulting URL will look like this:

Note that if the specified $key exists in the $url , it will be replaced.

Remove Query String Variable

Here is a similar function that removes the specified variable from the specified URL:

function shapeSpace_remove_var($url, $key) < $url = preg_replace('/(.*)(?|&)'. $key .'=[^&]+?(&)(.*)/i', '$1$2$4', $url .'&'); $url = substr($url, 0, -1); return ($url); >

This function accepts only two variables, one for the URL and another for the variable key. For example, let’s say we want to remove hello=world from the previous URL. We can do this:

$url = 'http://example.com/whatever/?hello=world&goodbye=nightclub'; shapeSpace_remove_var($url, 'hello');

..and the result will look like this:

Источник

How to Pass an Array in URL Query String with PHP

PHP includes the http_build_query() method for creating URL encoded query string. This method is available only on PHP 5 and above versions. In this snippet, you will learn how to pass an array in URL query string using PHP.

The syntax of http_build_query() will look as follows:

http_build_query($query, $numeric_prefix, $separator, $encoded_type)

Passing a Simple Array within http_build_query()

In this section, we are going to use $vars array for generating the URL query string. The $vars array includes the data of search keyword, as well as the page number.

Let’s see an example where this array is passed to the http_build_query() method for generating a query string:

 $vars = ['page' => 26, 'search' => 'w3docs']; $qs = http_build_query($vars); $url = 'http://www.example.com/search.php?' . $qs; echo $url; ?>

The code, represented above will return the following url query string:

http://www.example.com/search.php?page=26&search=w3docs

Passing an Indexed Array within http_build_query()

Now, let’s see an example where $vars is an indexed array that comprises an employee data:

 $vars = ['employee', 'brown', 'developer', 'emp_id' => '332']; $qs = http_build_query($vars); $url = 'http://www.example.com/search.php?' . $qs; echo $url; ?>

The code above will return the following url query string:

http://www.example.com/search.php?0=employee&1=brown&2=developer&emp_id=332

Passing a Multidimensional Array within http_build_query()

In this section, we will consider $vars as a multidimensional array with employee data. Once passing through the http_build_query() method, it will return a complex url query string.

 $vars = ['employee' => ['name' => 'Brown', 'age' => 41, 'dept' => 'IT', 'dob' => '9/22/1980'], 'role' => ['engineer', 'developer']]; $qs = http_build_query($vars); $url = 'http://www.example.com/search.php?' . $qs; echo $url; ?>

This code will return the following url query string:

http://www.example.com/search.php?employee%5Bname%5D=Brown&employee%5Bage%5D=39&employee%5Bdept%5D=IT&employee%5Bdob%5D=9%2F22%2F1980&role%5B0%5D=engineer&role%5B1%5D=developer

Describing Query String

The query string term is considered a part of Uniform Resource Locator (URL). It is in the form of a series of key-value pairs. Generally, it is used for creating a typical url or getting data from URL.

So, you can use the query string for different purposes such as search keywords, url building, specific web page tracking, and many more.

Источник