Настройка php cgi ubuntu

Run PHP with CGI and Apache on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

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In instances where running the mod_php module to run PHP scripts on Apache is not sufficient, PHP can be run as a CGI binary. Combined with the itk multi-processing module (MPM), PHP scripts can be run as user processes in a per-virtual host setup. This guide will walk users through the process of setting up Apache and PHP CGI.

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo . If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.

Before You Begin

1. If you have not already done so, create a Linode account and Compute Instance. See our Getting Started with Linode and Creating a Compute Instance guides.
2. Follow our Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance guide to update your system and configure your hostname. You may also wish to set the timezone, create a limited user account, and harden SSH access. To check your hostname run:

Installing Apache and PHP

sudo apt-get install apache2 

sudo apt-get install php5-cgi 

Configure Apache for PHP CGI

In order to set up Apache to use PHP-CGI on Ubuntu systems, you must enable the mod_actions module. Issue the following command:

The required directives can be set anywhere in Apache’s configuration tree. We recommend creating the php-cgi.conf file in Apache’s conf.d/ directory and setting these variables there. For Ubuntu systems, this is located at /etc/apache2/conf.d/ . You may also choose to place these settings in your /etc/apache2/httpd.conf file. Regardless of their location, the relevant settings are:

In this example, the path to the php-cgi binary is /usr/bin/php-cgi . All files with the php extension will be handed to the PHP CGI binary.

You may also choose to put these configuration directives within a virtual hosting block. If you do not have mod_php enabled or installed, you can use this to selectively enable PHP for certain virtual hosts. Furthermore, if your deployment requires multiple versions of PHP, you can specify virtual host specific handlers by specifying paths to various versions of php-cgi .

The configuration file for the CGI executable of PHP is located at /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini . You can modify this file to suit the needs of your deployment.

If you need support for MySQL in PHP, then you must install the php5-mysql package with the following command:

sudo apt-get install php5-mysql 

When php-cgi is configured, you can now safely enable the itk multi-processing module for Apache. The installation process for itk will restart the Apache process. If you choose to use PHP CGI with the default or existing MPM, then restart Apache by issuing the following command:

sudo service apache2 restart 

Enabling the “itk” MPM

The default Apache configuration uses a multi-processing module called worker which uses a threaded approach to efficiently handle HTTP requests. An alternative MPM is prefork which does not use threads and is compatible with non-thread-safe libraries. Both the worker and prefork modules require that all requests be handled by a process running under a user with particular permissions. On Ubuntu systems, Apache processes run under the www-data user.

This may not be ideal if you have multiple users running publicly accessible scripts on your server. In some of these cases, it is prudent to isolate virtual hosts under specific user accounts using an alternative MPM, known as itk or mpm-itk . Functionally, mpm-itk is quite similar to prefork ; however, itk can process requests for each virtual host or each site under a specified user account. This is useful in situations where you’re hosting a number of distinct sites and you need to isolate sites on the basis of user privileges.

Install the mpm-itk module:

sudo apt-get install apache2-mpm-itk 

In this example, webeditor is the name of the user of the specific site in question, and webgroup is the name of the user group that “owns” the web server related files and processes for this host. Remember that you must create the user accounts and groups using the useradd command. Consider our documentation of user groups and permissions for more information about creating the necessary users and groups.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

This page was originally published on Wednesday, October 31, 2012.

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Настройка php-cgi в связке с nginx на основе sockets

Лично мне этот способ очень нравится, по этому решил поделится с общественностью, которая с ним не знакома.

Ну во-первых, потому что он очень простой.
Во-вторых, гибкий благодаря сокетам
В-третьих, быстрый.
Ну и другие вытекающие возможности, в том числе и с правами)

Установка

nginx

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

php

sudo apt-get install php5-cgi

Связываем php и nginx

Для связывания, достаточно воспользоваться скриптом одного хорошего человека Till Klampaeckel.
И так, в дириктории /etc/init.d/ создаем файл php-fcgid
записываем в него следующее:

#!/bin/sh # # Author: Till Klampaeckel # Credits # * original script: http://unix.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/FreeBSD/questions/2007-09/msg00468.html # * improved: http://till.klampaeckel.de/blog/archives/30-PHP-performance-III-Running-nginx.html # * all linux start script fu inspired by CouchDB's start script (by Noah Slater) SCRIPT_OK=0 SCRIPT_ERROR=1 DESCRIPTION="php-fcgi super-duper-control thing" NAME=php-fgcid SCRIPT_NAME=$(basename $0) WWW_GROUP=www-data PHP_CGI=/usr/bin/php-cgi phpfcgid_users="user1 user2" phpfcgid_children="2" phpfcgid_tmpdir="/tmp" phpfcgid_requests="100" log_daemon_msg () < echo $@ >log_end_msg () < # Dummy function to be replaced by LSB library. if test "$1" != "0"; then echo "Error with $DESCRIPTION: $NAME" fi return $1 >phpfcgid_start() < echo "Starting $NAME with $phpfcgid_children children (req: $phpfcgid_requests)." export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=$phpfcgid_children export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=$phpfcgid_requests for user in $; do socketdir="$/.fastcgi.$" mkdir -p $ chown $:$ $ chmod 0750 $ su -m $ -c "$ -b $/socket&" done > phpfcgid_stop() < echo "Stopping $NAME." pids=`pgrep php-cgi` pkill php-cgi >phpfcgid_status() < log_daemon_msg "To be implemented: status" log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR >parse_script_option_list () < case "$1" in start) log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESCRIPTION" $NAME if phpfcgid_start; then log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK else log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR fi ;; stop) log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESCRIPTION" $NAME if phpfcgid_stop; then log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK else log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR fi ;; restart|force-reload) log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESCRIPTION" $NAME if phpfcgid_stop; then if phpfcgid_start; then log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK else log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR fi else log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR fi ;; status) phpfcgid_status ;; *) cat &2 Usage: $SCRIPT_NAME EOF exit $SCRIPT_ERROR ;; esac > parse_script_option_list $@

Настраиваем

Первый запуск скрипта:
sudo bash /etc/init.d/php-fcgid

Перезапуск nginx, после изменений, думаю занаете как.

Собственно на этом все.
Enjoy!

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Set up CGI with Apache on Ubuntu Linux

CGI, the Common Gateway Interface is a simple way to write web applications. Especially when you are running Apache as the web server. Recently I wanted to show a few examples using CGI in various programming languages, but first I had to make sure CGI is enabled on my server.

I have been using the an Ubuntu based Vagrant image for my experiments but I think the same steps will work in any other Ubuntu-based or any Debian based system.

Install Apache 2

If you don’t have it installed yet, you will need to install the web servers itself:

$ sudo apt-get install apache2

Install curl

curl can be used to fetch web pages. It is not a requirement for our set up, but it is nice to have on the server as it can be used to check the pages without opening a real browser. Besides, at least in my set up, I have configured the web server on a Virtual Environment, but I have not set up port-forwarding for port 80 yet and thus I would not be able to access the web server from my desktop. (The article about Vagrant development environment has explanation how to set up the port forwarding.)

Try the web server

At this point we can try if the web server works:

It will print some HTML on the screen.

Configure CGI

I looked around the /etc/apache2 directory, which is the standard place to find the configuration files of Apache. I’ve found the /etc/apache2/conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf file that has a symbolic link from /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/serve-cgi-bin.conf . It has a section that maps the /cgi-bin path in the URLs to the /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ directory in the hard disk and enables CGI execution in this directory.

examples/apache/serve-cgi-bin.conf

  Define ENABLE_USR_LIB_CGI_BIN Define ENABLE_USR_LIB_CGI_BIN ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Require all granted   # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

That’s not enough though. We also need to enable the CGI module of Apache.

The installed modules of Apache can be found in the /etc/apache2/mods-available directory. The cgi module is called cgi.load

The enabled modules have symbolic links in /etc/apache2/mods-enabled , but as I found out, the CGI module did not have a symbolic link there: The CGI module was not enabled by default.

$ cd /etc/apache2/mods-enabled $ sudo ln -s ../mods-available/cgi.load

Reload Apache configuration

As the configuration of Apache has changed we need to tell Apache to reload its configuration files:

$ sudo service apache2 reload

Create the first CGI script

Now that we have enable CGI we can create our first CGI script.

This first CGI example will be created in Bash. Later on you can check out the solutions to the various web exercises Especially the Hello World! exercise and the Web Echo exercise and their solutions.

I’ve created a file called /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hw.sh using sudo vim /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hw.sh

#!/bin/bash printf "Content-type: text/html\n\n" printf "Hello World!\n"

$ sudo chmod +x /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hw.sh

Then I could access it through Apache using:

$ curl http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/hw.sh Hello World!

Troubleshooting

If the curl request returns 404 Not Found then either the file is not in the correct place, or the URL given to curl is incorrect.

If the curl requests return 500 Internal Server Error you might have forgotten to make the script executable using sudo chmod +x /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hw.sh

or the hashbang line (The first line that should look like this #!/bin/bash was not typed in correctly.

Another common source of error is the difference between the newlines in MS Windows and Linux in text files. You have to make sure that your script has the Unix/Linux line-ending. One of the best ways might be to run dos2unix hw.sh that will replace the Windows-newlines by Unix-newlines.

Lastly, the 500 error might occur if the first line printed by the script is not Content-type: text/html followed by 2(!) newlines.

Further reading

Check out all the articles related to CGI and Perl and CGI and Ruby.

Comments

If you have any comments or questions, feel free to post them on the source of this page in GitHub. Source on GitHub. Comment on this post

Author: Gabor Szabo

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