Java spring or ejb

Difference between EJB and Spring

EJB and Spring both are used to develop enterprise applications. But there are few differences exists between them. So, in this article we have tried to cover all these differences.

1. Enterprise Java Beans (EJB) :
EJB stand for Enterprise Java Beans. It is a server side software component that summarizes business logic of an application. An EJB container provides the run time environment for web related software elements including computer reliability, Java Servlet Lifecycle (JSL) management, transaction procedure and other web services. To run an EJB application, we need an application server such as Jboss, Glassfish, Weblogic, Websphere etc. It performs Life Cycle Management, Object Pooling, Transaction Processing, Security, etc. There are three types of EJB.

• Session Bean –
  Session bean contains business logic that can be invoked by local, remote or webservice client. There are two types of session beans :
  (i). Stateful session bean and (ii). Stateless session bean.
• Message Driven Bean –
  Like Session Bean, it contains the business logic but it is invoked by passing message.

2. Spring :
Spring is an open source lightweight framework that allows Java EE 7 developers to build simple, reliable, and scalable enterprise applications. This framework uses various techniques such as Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), Plain Old Java Object (POJO), and dependency injection (DI), to develop enterprise applications. This framework helps you to manages the business object. It made the development of Web applications much easier than compared to classic Java frameworks and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), such as Java database connectivity (JDBC), JavaServer Pages (JSP), and Java Servlet. The features of the Spring framework such as Inversion of control (IoC), Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP), and transaction management, make it unique among the list of frameworks.

Difference between EJB and Spring :

Properties	EJB	Spring
Specification	EJB is a specification of Java EE.	Spring is a framework.
Dependency Injection	It can inject anything in the container including EJB Data sources, JMS Resources, and JPA Resources.	It can inject anything including list, properties, map, and JNDI resources.
Transaction Management	It supports only JTA transaction Manager.	It supports multiple transaction manager such as JTA, JDBC, and Hibernate.
Persistence	It tightly integrated to JPA.	It supports various persistence technologies such as JDBC, Hibernate, JPA, and iBatis.
Messaging	It provides out of the box messaging capabilities through Message Driven Beans.	We need to add listener configuration for each message.
Scheduling	It provides simple scheduling through EJB Time Service.	We need to add and configure Quartz for scheduling.
Security	It supports both declarative and programmatic security through JAAS.	It provides declarative security through the Spring configuration file.
AOP	It provides limited support through interceptors.	It provides robust support through AspectJ.

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EJB vs Spring

EJB is an acronym for Enterprise Java Beans. EJB is a Java API for server-side architecture for transactional, component-based distributed programming. EJB specifies the bean format and defines a set of services that must be provided by the container on which the bean runs. Thus, a developer should not be concerned with the service details such as security, transaction support, or remote object access. To run an EJB application, you need an application server, i.e., EJB containers such as JBoss, WebLogic, WebSphere, etc.

Web development, programming languages, Software testing & others

Java Spring is a lightweight open-source framework that supports various frameworks such as Hibernate, EJB, JSF, Tapestry, etc. Spring framework has a layered structure, allowing you to choose the required component at the start of the development. Spring framework offers Inversion of Control (IOC), Aspect-Oriented (AOP), Transaction Management, JDBC Exception Handling, etc. That allows the developer to concentrate on the business requirement rather than the architectural details of the application.

Head-to-Head Comparison Between EJB and Spring

Below are the top 10 differences between EJB and Spring.

Key Differences Between EJB and Spring.

Let us discuss some of the major differences between EJB vs Spring:

• EJB vs Spring’s main difference is that EJB is a specification of Java EE, whereas Spring is a framework or an implementation.
• EJB is an architecture for transactional, component-based programming. It makes server-side development much easier for the Java developer. Spring framework is a Java platform that supports developing the Java application. The framework handles the infrastructure configuration and lets the developer focus on business requirements.

EJB Architecture

• The EJB framework separates the business logic from the low-level details so that the developer can concentrate on the business requirement. Unlike legacy systems that use many SQL queries, EJB architecture does not use SQL queries directly; instead, it uses a model-view-controller design pattern where queries are wrapped inside the EJB container so that data can be assessed through EJB.
• At the center of the application, an EJB container manages a set of enterprise beans. This bean manages the connection with the backend database systems, typically a relational database. As you know, in the Spring framework, this is handled by the Data Access or the Integration module.
• In EJB, the web container uses JSP to access the EJB beans; it transforms the JSP to HTML and then serves the HTML to the browser. In Spring, this is being handled by the Web module.
• In EJB, the middle tier, i.e., The enterprise beans, are a wrapper over various systems, such as the relational database. There are two types of enterprise beans, i.e., entity and session beans. On a high level, session beans represent activity, an entity bean represents entities of the application. An entity bean is a persistent object stored in a storage system such as a database. On the contrary, Spring, the framework, uses a web container for session management.

Spring Architecture

• Spring framework has about 20 modules and offers various features. These modules are logically grouped into Data Access/ Integration, Web, AOP, Aspects, Instrumentation, Core container, and test.
• The core container consists of the core, beans, context, and Expression language modules. The core and Bean modules provide features such as IoC and Dependency Injection.
• The Data Access/ Integration layer provides transaction modules like JDBC, JMS, ORM, OXM, etc. The JDBC module provides a JDBC abstraction layer that removes the need to code the configuration code required to establish a connection with a database.
• The ORM module supports popular object-relational mapping APIs like JPA and Hibernate. Unlike EJB, which only supports JPA.
• The web layer consists of Web-Struts, Web-Servlet, and Web-Portlet modules. The web-servlet module contains Spring’s MVC implementation for web applications. It provides a clean separation between the web forms and the business logic layer.
• Spring AOP modules provide an AOP Alliance-compliant aspect-oriented programming that lets you cleanly define method interceptors to decouple functionality.
• The test module provides support for JUnit or TestNG.

EJB vs Spring Comparison Table

Let us discuss the topmost differences between EJB and Spring.

Basis of comparison	EJB	Spring
Transaction Management	EJB supports only the JTA transaction manager.	Through its PlatformTransactionManager interface, Spring supports multiple transactions such as JTA, Hibernate, JDO, and JDBC. Uses JTA transaction manager to support distributed transaction
Dependency Injection	It can inject EJB’s data, JMS, and JPA resources into the container.	Lists, properties, maps, and JNDI resources can be injected.
Persistence	It supports programmatic bean-managed persistence and is tightly coupled to JPA.	It provides a framework that supports integrating various persistence technologies like JDBC, Hibernate, JDO, and iBATIS.
State Management	Supports stateful session beans and extended persistence context.	Supports Web container session management
Web Services	Supports stateful session beans and extended persistence context.	It does not support any direct web service integration.
Security	It supports both declarative and programmatic security support through JAAS. Supports declarative security through Users and roles. Declarative security is configured in the deployment descriptor file.	No box security implementation. However, it provides declarative security through the spring configuration file or class metadata. Acegi is an open-source security framework built on top of Spring.
Distributed Computing	Provides container-managed remote method calls.	It supports remote calls via RMI, JAX-RPC, and web services.
Messaging	It supported out-of-the-box messaging. Capabilities through Message Driven Beans.	For the message, the listener’s configuration needs to be added.
Scheduling	Provides simple scheduling through EJB Timer service	For scheduling, we need to add and configure Quartz.
AOP	It provides limited support through interceptors.	Support the AspectJ and Spring AOP alliance

Conclusion

Every technology has advantages and disadvantages, and before choosing any specification or framework, it is essential to understand the pros and cons. This article shows that EJB is a specification of J2EE, whereas Spring is a framework for easy implementation, even though some areas overlap. We have seen the differences in the architecture and discussed some of the EJB and spring offers to the developer.

With the difference matrix, we can conclude that if you want advanced features like AOP and more control over the application, go with the Spring framework. If you do not want to go deep into the database’s configuration details and the application is very stateful, go with EJB.

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