Java gui loading screen

How can we implement a splash screen using JWindow in Java?

A JWindow is a container that can be displayed anywhere on the user desktop. It does not have the title bar, window management buttons, etc like a JFrame.

The JWindow contains a JRootPane as its only child class. The contentPane can be the parent of any children of the JWindow. Like a JFrame, a JWindow is another top-level container and it is as an undecorated JFrame. It does not have features like a title bar, windows menu, etc. A JWindow can be used as a splash screen window that displays once when the application is launched and then automatically disappears after a few seconds.

Example

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class CreateSplashScreen extends JWindow < Image splashScreen; ImageIcon imageIcon; public CreateSplashScreen() < splashScreen = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("C:/Users/User/Desktop/Java Answers/logo.jpg"); // Create ImageIcon from Image imageIcon = new ImageIcon(splashScreen); // Set JWindow size from image size setSize(imageIcon.getIconWidth(),imageIcon.getIconHeight()); // Get current screen size Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize(); // Get x coordinate on screen for make JWindow locate at center int x = (screenSize.width-getSize().width)/2; // Get y coordinate on screen for make JWindow locate at center int y = (screenSize.height-getSize().height)/2; // Set new location for JWindow setLocation(x,y); // Make JWindow visible setVisible(true); > // Paint image onto JWindow public void paint(Graphics g) < super.paint(g); g.drawImage(splashScreen, 0, 0, this); >public static void main(String[]args) < CreateSplashScreen splash = new CreateSplashScreen(); try < // Make JWindow appear for 10 seconds before disappear Thread.sleep(10000); splash.dispose(); > catch(Exception e) < e.printStackTrace(); >> >

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How to Create a Splash Screen

Almost all modern applications have a splash screen. Typically splash screens are used for the following purposes:

• Advertising a product
• Indicating to the user that the application is launching during long startup times
• Providing information that is only needed once per visit

Java Foundation Classes, both Swing and Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), enable a developer to create splash screens in Java technology applications. However, because the main purpose of a splash screen is to provide the user with feedback about the application’s startup, the delay between the application’s startup and the moment when the splash screen pops up should be minimal. Before the splash screen can pop up, the application has to load and initialize the Java™ Virtual Machine (JVM), AWT, Swing, and sometimes application-dependent libraries as well. The resulting delay of several seconds has made the use of a Java™ technology-based splash screen less than desirable.

Fortunately, Java™ SE 6 provides a solution that allows the application to display the splash screen much earlier, even before the virtual machine starts. A Java application launcher is able to decode an image and display it in a simple non-decorated window.

The splash screen can display any gif , png , or jpeg image, with transparency, translucency, and animation. The figure below represents an example of the Java application splash screen developed as an animated gif file.

The SplashScreen class is used to close the splash screen, change the splash-screen image, obtain the image position or size, and paint in the splash screen. An application cannot create an instance of this class. Only a single instance created within this class can exist, and this instance can be obtained using the getSplashScreen() static method. If the application has not created the splash screen at startup through the command-line or manifest-file option, the getSplashScreen method returns null.

Typically, a developer wants to keep the splash-screen image on the screen and display something over the image. The splash-screen window has an overlay surface with an alpha channel, and this surface can be accessed with a traditional Graphics2D interface.

The following code snippet shows how to obtain a SplashScreen object, then how to create a graphics context with the createGraphics() method:

. final SplashScreen splash = SplashScreen.getSplashScreen(); if (splash == null) < System.out.println("SplashScreen.getSplashScreen() returned null"); return; >Graphics2D g = splash.createGraphics(); if (g == null) < System.out.println("g is null"); return; >.

Find the demo’s complete code in the SplashDemo.java file.

The SplashDemo application uses fixed coordinates to display overlay information. These coordinates are image-dependent and calculated individually for each splash screen.

The native splash screen can be displayed in the following ways:

How to Use the Command-Line Argument to Display a Splash Screen

To display a splash screen from the command line use the -splash: command-line argument. This argument is a Java application launcher option that displays a splash screen:

java -splash:images/splash.gif misc.SplashDemo

java -splash:images/nnn.gif misc.SplashDemo

SplashScreen.getSplashScreen() returned null

How to Use a JAR File to Display Splash Screen

If your application is packaged in a JAR file, you can use the SplashScreen-Image option in a manifest file to show a splash screen. Place the image in the JAR file and specify the path in the option as follows:

Manifest-Version: 1.0 Main-Class: SplashScreen-Image:

Manifest-Version: 1.0 Main-Class: misc.SplashDemo SplashScreen-Image: images/splash.gif

jar cmf splashmanifest.mf splashDemo.jar misc/SplashDemo*.class images/splash.gif

The Splash Screen API

The SplashScreen class cannot be used to create the splash screen. Only a single instance created within this class can exist.

Method	Purpose
getSplashScreen()	Returns the SplashScreen object used for Java startup splash screen control.
createGraphics()	Creates a graphics context (as a Graphics2D object) for the splash screen overlay image, which allows you to draw over the splash screen.
getBounds()	Returns the bounds of the splash screen window as a Rectangle .
close()	Closes the splash screen and releases all associated resources.

Example That Uses the SplashScreen API

The following table lists the example that uses splash screen.

Example	Where Described	Notes
SplashDemo	This section	Shows a splash screen before opening the application window.

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JavaFX Splash Screen

Splash screens are awesome. They allows to engage users when the application load in the background as a loading screen. In this article, we will talk about implementing JavaFX Splash Screen / Loading Screen with animation. For the splash screen, we will provide a fade-in and fade-out transition.

Splash Screen with Fade Animation

In this example, when the program starts, the splash screen will fade in. After some time, the flash screen will fade out.

The algorithm is as follows

• Load Preloader with a fade-in effect using FadeTransition
• Remove Preloader with a fade-out effect using Fade transition.
• On the end of fade-out load the actual content to the frame.

Watch the implementation:-

Let’s have a look at the code. The code is properly commented.

private void loadSplashScreen() < try < //Load splash screen view FXML StackPane pane = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource(("myAwesomeSplashDesign.fxml"))); //Add it to root container (Can be StackPane, AnchorPane etc) root.getChildren().setAll(pane); //Load splash screen with fade in effect FadeTransition fadeIn = new FadeTransition(Duration.seconds(3), pane); fadeIn.setFromValue(0); fadeIn.setToValue(1); fadeIn.setCycleCount(1); //Finish splash with fade out effect FadeTransition fadeOut = new FadeTransition(Duration.seconds(3), pane); fadeOut.setFromValue(1); fadeOut.setToValue(0); fadeOut.setCycleCount(1); fadeIn.play(); //After fade in, start fade out fadeIn.setOnFinished((e) ->< fadeOut.play(); >); //After fade out, load actual content fadeOut.setOnFinished((e) -> < try < AnchorPane parentContent = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource(("/main.fxml"))); root.getChildren().setAll(parentContent); >catch (IOException ex) < Logger.getLogger(MainController.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); >>); > catch (IOException ex) < Logger.getLogger(MainController.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); >>

How to show splash screen until loading gets completed

Sometimes you may want to do some actual work like loading a database or importing something. In this case, we will have to do it in the background while splash screen is shown.

You can do the heavy lifting tasks on the setOnFinished() method of fade-in transition.

Problem with this approach

The above code works fine when the background tasks are not that much (when the tasks complete within couple of seconds max). But if it is a long task, then the JavaFX UI Thread will hang. In this case, you might have to use a separate thread for processing the background tasks.

The reliable solution

You can make use of JavaFX Tasks or JavaFX Services. Then using a task complete listener, you can initiate fade out transition.

So, that’s how you implement a JavaFX Splash Screen.

JavaFX Splash Screen without Borders

In this video tutorial, you can see how to make a splash screen in a separate window without window borders. Here, splash screen uses a separate stage.

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