Java getting array value

Java getting array value

The Array class provides static methods to dynamically create and access Java arrays. Array permits widening conversions to occur during a get or set operation, but throws an IllegalArgumentException if a narrowing conversion would occur.

Method Summary

Sets the value of the indexed component of the specified array object to the specified boolean value.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Method Detail

newInstance

public static Object newInstance(Class componentType, int length) throws NegativeArraySizeException

Creates a new array with the specified component type and length. Invoking this method is equivalent to creating an array as follows:

int[] x = ; Array.newInstance(componentType, x);

newInstance

public static Object newInstance(Class componentType, int. dimensions) throws IllegalArgumentException, NegativeArraySizeException

Creates a new array with the specified component type and dimensions. If componentType represents a non-array class or interface, the new array has dimensions.length dimensions and componentType as its component type. If componentType represents an array class, the number of dimensions of the new array is equal to the sum of dimensions.length and the number of dimensions of componentType . In this case, the component type of the new array is the component type of componentType . The number of dimensions of the new array must not exceed 255.

getLength

public static int getLength(Object array) throws IllegalArgumentException

get

public static Object get(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Returns the value of the indexed component in the specified array object. The value is automatically wrapped in an object if it has a primitive type.

getBoolean

public static boolean getBoolean(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getByte

public static byte getByte(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getChar

public static char getChar(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getShort

public static short getShort(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getInt

public static int getInt(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getLong

public static long getLong(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getFloat

public static float getFloat(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

getDouble

public static double getDouble(Object array, int index) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

set

public static void set(Object array, int index, Object value) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Sets the value of the indexed component of the specified array object to the specified new value. The new value is first automatically unwrapped if the array has a primitive component type.

setBoolean

public static void setBoolean(Object array, int index, boolean z) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Sets the value of the indexed component of the specified array object to the specified boolean value.

setByte

public static void setByte(Object array, int index, byte b) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setChar

public static void setChar(Object array, int index, char c) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setShort

public static void setShort(Object array, int index, short s) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setInt

public static void setInt(Object array, int index, int i) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setLong

public static void setLong(Object array, int index, long l) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setFloat

public static void setFloat(Object array, int index, float f) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

setDouble

public static void setDouble(Object array, int index, double d) throws IllegalArgumentException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.

Источник

Arrays

An array is a container object that holds a fixed number of values of a single type. The length of an array is established when the array is created. After creation, its length is fixed. You have seen an example of arrays already, in the main method of the «Hello World!» application. This section discusses arrays in greater detail.

Each item in an array is called an element, and each element is accessed by its numerical index. As shown in the preceding illustration, numbering begins with 0. The 9th element, for example, would therefore be accessed at index 8.

The following program, ArrayDemo , creates an array of integers, puts some values in the array, and prints each value to standard output.

The output from this program is:

Element at index 0: 100 Element at index 1: 200 Element at index 2: 300 Element at index 3: 400 Element at index 4: 500 Element at index 5: 600 Element at index 6: 700 Element at index 7: 800 Element at index 8: 900 Element at index 9: 1000

In a real-world programming situation, you would probably use one of the supported looping constructs to iterate through each element of the array, rather than write each line individually as in the preceding example. However, the example clearly illustrates the array syntax. You will learn about the various looping constructs ( for , while , and do-while ) in the Control Flow section.

Declaring a Variable to Refer to an Array

The preceding program declares an array (named anArray ) with the following line of code:

// declares an array of integers int[] anArray;

Like declarations for variables of other types, an array declaration has two components: the array’s type and the array’s name. An array’s type is written as type[] , where type is the data type of the contained elements; the brackets are special symbols indicating that this variable holds an array. The size of the array is not part of its type (which is why the brackets are empty). An array’s name can be anything you want, provided that it follows the rules and conventions as previously discussed in the naming section. As with variables of other types, the declaration does not actually create an array; it simply tells the compiler that this variable will hold an array of the specified type.

Similarly, you can declare arrays of other types:

byte[] anArrayOfBytes; short[] anArrayOfShorts; long[] anArrayOfLongs; float[] anArrayOfFloats; double[] anArrayOfDoubles; boolean[] anArrayOfBooleans; char[] anArrayOfChars; String[] anArrayOfStrings;

You can also place the brackets after the array’s name:

// this form is discouraged float anArrayOfFloats[];

However, convention discourages this form; the brackets identify the array type and should appear with the type designation.

Creating, Initializing, and Accessing an Array

One way to create an array is with the new operator. The next statement in the ArrayDemo program allocates an array with enough memory for 10 integer elements and assigns the array to the anArray variable.

// create an array of integers anArray = new int[10];

If this statement is missing, then the compiler prints an error like the following, and compilation fails:

ArrayDemo.java:4: Variable anArray may not have been initialized.

The next few lines assign values to each element of the array:

anArray[0] = 100; // initialize first element anArray[1] = 200; // initialize second element anArray[2] = 300; // and so forth

Each array element is accessed by its numerical index:

System.out.println("Element 1 at index 0: " + anArray[0]); System.out.println("Element 2 at index 1: " + anArray[1]); System.out.println("Element 3 at index 2: " + anArray[2]);

Alternatively, you can use the shortcut syntax to create and initialize an array:

Here the length of the array is determined by the number of values provided between braces and separated by commas.

You can also declare an array of arrays (also known as a multidimensional array) by using two or more sets of brackets, such as String[][] names . Each element, therefore, must be accessed by a corresponding number of index values.

In the Java programming language, a multidimensional array is an array whose components are themselves arrays. This is unlike arrays in C or Fortran. A consequence of this is that the rows are allowed to vary in length, as shown in the following MultiDimArrayDemo program:

class MultiDimArrayDemo < public static void main(String[] args) < String[][] names = < , >; // Mr. Smith System.out.println(names[0][0] + names[1][0]); // Ms. Jones System.out.println(names[0][2] + names[1][1]); > >

The output from this program is:

Finally, you can use the built-in length property to determine the size of any array. The following code prints the array’s size to standard output:

System.out.println(anArray.length);

Copying Arrays

The System class has an arraycopy method that you can use to efficiently copy data from one array into another:

public static void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length)

The two Object arguments specify the array to copy from and the array to copy to. The three int arguments specify the starting position in the source array, the starting position in the destination array, and the number of array elements to copy.

The following program, ArrayCopyDemo , declares an array of String elements. It uses the System.arraycopy method to copy a subsequence of array components into a second array:

class ArrayCopyDemo < public static void main(String[] args) < String[] copyFrom = < "Affogato", "Americano", "Cappuccino", "Corretto", "Cortado", "Doppio", "Espresso", "Frappucino", "Freddo", "Lungo", "Macchiato", "Marocchino", "Ristretto" >; String[] copyTo = new String[7]; System.arraycopy(copyFrom, 2, copyTo, 0, 7); for (String coffee : copyTo) < System.out.print(coffee + " "); >> >

The output from this program is:

Cappuccino Corretto Cortado Doppio Espresso Frappucino Freddo

Array Manipulations

Arrays are a powerful and useful concept used in programming. Java SE provides methods to perform some of the most common manipulations related to arrays. For instance, the ArrayCopyDemo example uses the arraycopy method of the System class instead of manually iterating through the elements of the source array and placing each one into the destination array. This is performed behind the scenes, enabling the developer to use just one line of code to call the method.

For your convenience, Java SE provides several methods for performing array manipulations (common tasks, such as copying, sorting and searching arrays) in the java.util.Arrays class. For instance, the previous example can be modified to use the copyOfRange method of the java.util.Arrays class, as you can see in the ArrayCopyOfDemo example. The difference is that using the copyOfRange method does not require you to create the destination array before calling the method, because the destination array is returned by the method:

class ArrayCopyOfDemo < public static void main(String[] args) < String[] copyFrom = < "Affogato", "Americano", "Cappuccino", "Corretto", "Cortado", "Doppio", "Espresso", "Frappucino", "Freddo", "Lungo", "Macchiato", "Marocchino", "Ristretto" >; String[] copyTo = java.util.Arrays.copyOfRange(copyFrom, 2, 9); for (String coffee : copyTo) < System.out.print(coffee + " "); >> >

As you can see, the output from this program is the same, although it requires fewer lines of code. Note that the second parameter of the copyOfRange method is the initial index of the range to be copied, inclusively, while the third parameter is the final index of the range to be copied, exclusively. In this example, the range to be copied does not include the array element at index 9 (which contains the string Lungo ).

Some other useful operations provided by methods in the java.util.Arrays class are:

• Searching an array for a specific value to get the index at which it is placed (the binarySearch method).
• Comparing two arrays to determine if they are equal or not (the equals method).
• Filling an array to place a specific value at each index (the fill method).
• Sorting an array into ascending order. This can be done either sequentially, using the sort method, or concurrently, using the parallelSort method introduced in Java SE 8. Parallel sorting of large arrays on multiprocessor systems is faster than sequential array sorting.
• Creating a stream that uses an array as its source (the stream method). For example, the following statement prints the contents of the copyTo array in the same way as in the previous example:

java.util.Arrays.stream(copyTo).map(coffee -> coffee + " ").forEach(System.out::print);

System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(copyTo));

[Cappuccino, Corretto, Cortado, Doppio, Espresso, Frappucino, Freddo]

Источник