Java date to string locale

How to Format LocalDate in Java

Learn to format a Java LocalDate instance to String using inbuilt patterns as well as custom patterns. The default format pattern is ‘yyyy-MM-dd’.

1. Format LocalDate with Inbuilt Patterns

1.1. Default Pattern [yyyy-MM-dd]

If we use the LocalDate.toString() method, then it formats the date in the default format, which is yyyy-MM-dd .

• The default pattern is referenced in DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE.
• DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE also produces the same result.

LocalDate today = LocalDate.now(); System.out.println(today.toString()); //2019-04-03

The FormatStyle is an immutable and thread-safe enumeration of the style of ‘localized’ date formatters. Based on the Locale, each constant may output a different string.

It has 4 constants for formatting a date:

• FULL – Thursday, 17 February, 2022
• LONG – 17 February 2022
• MEDIUM – 17/02/22
• SHORT – 4/3/19

LocalDate today = LocalDate.now(); String formattedDate = today.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.LONG)); //17 February 2022 formattedDate = today.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)); //17-Feb-2022 formattedDate = today.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT)); //17/02/22 formattedDate = today.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL)); //Thursday, 17 February, 2022

2. Format LocalDate with Custom Patterns

If we have to format the LocalDate instance in a date pattern that is not available inbuilt, we can define our own pattern using LocalDate.format(DateTimeFormatter) method. It accepts a DateTimeFormatter instance that has a list of predefined formats as well as can create a custom format such as ‘dd/MM/yyyy’.

LocalDate today = LocalDate.now(); DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/yyyy"); String formattedDate = today.format(dateTimeFormatter); //17-02-2022

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Class SimpleDateFormat

SimpleDateFormat is a concrete class for formatting and parsing dates in a locale-sensitive manner. It allows for formatting (date → text), parsing (text → date), and normalization.

SimpleDateFormat allows you to start by choosing any user-defined patterns for date-time formatting. However, you are encouraged to create a date-time formatter with either getTimeInstance , getDateInstance , or getDateTimeInstance in DateFormat . Each of these class methods can return a date/time formatter initialized with a default format pattern. You may modify the format pattern using the applyPattern methods as desired. For more information on using these methods, see DateFormat .

Date and Time Patterns

Date and time formats are specified by date and time pattern strings. Within date and time pattern strings, unquoted letters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ and from ‘a’ to ‘z’ are interpreted as pattern letters representing the components of a date or time string. Text can be quoted using single quotes ( ‘ ) to avoid interpretation. «»» represents a single quote. All other characters are not interpreted; they’re simply copied into the output string during formatting or matched against the input string during parsing.

The following pattern letters are defined (all other characters from ‘A’ to ‘Z’ and from ‘a’ to ‘z’ are reserved):

Chart shows pattern letters, date/time component, presentation, and examples.

Letter	Date or Time Component	Presentation	Examples
G	Era designator	Text	AD
y	Year	Year	1996 ; 96
Y	Week year	Year	2009 ; 09
M	Month in year (context sensitive)	Month	July ; Jul ; 07
L	Month in year (standalone form)	Month	July ; Jul ; 07
w	Week in year	Number	27
W	Week in month	Number	2
D	Day in year	Number	189
d	Day in month	Number	10
F	Day of week in month	Number	2
E	Day name in week	Text	Tuesday ; Tue
u	Day number of week (1 = Monday, . 7 = Sunday)	Number	1
a	Am/pm marker	Text	PM
H	Hour in day (0-23)	Number	0
k	Hour in day (1-24)	Number	24
K	Hour in am/pm (0-11)	Number	0
h	Hour in am/pm (1-12)	Number	12
m	Minute in hour	Number	30
s	Second in minute	Number	55
S	Millisecond	Number	978
z	Time zone	General time zone	Pacific Standard Time ; PST ; GMT-08:00
Z	Time zone	RFC 822 time zone	-0800
X	Time zone	ISO 8601 time zone	-08 ; -0800 ; -08:00

• Text: For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 4 or more, the full form is used; otherwise a short or abbreviated form is used if available. For parsing, both forms are accepted, independent of the number of pattern letters.

• For formatting, if the number of pattern letters is 2, the year is truncated to 2 digits; otherwise it is interpreted as a number.
• For parsing, if the number of pattern letters is more than 2, the year is interpreted literally, regardless of the number of digits. So using the pattern «MM/dd/yyyy», «01/11/12» parses to Jan 11, 12 A.D.
• For parsing with the abbreviated year pattern («y» or «yy»), SimpleDateFormat must interpret the abbreviated year relative to some century. It does this by adjusting dates to be within 80 years before and 20 years after the time the SimpleDateFormat instance is created. For example, using a pattern of «MM/dd/yy» and a SimpleDateFormat instance created on Jan 1, 1997, the string «01/11/12» would be interpreted as Jan 11, 2012 while the string «05/04/64» would be interpreted as May 4, 1964. During parsing, only strings consisting of exactly two digits, as defined by Character.isDigit(char) , will be parsed into the default century. Any other numeric string, such as a one digit string, a three or more digit string, or a two digit string that isn’t all digits (for example, «-1»), is interpreted literally. So «01/02/3» or «01/02/003» are parsed, using the same pattern, as Jan 2, 3 AD. Likewise, «01/02/-3» is parsed as Jan 2, 4 BC.

If week year ‘Y’ is specified and the calendar doesn’t support any week years, the calendar year ( ‘y’ ) is used instead. The support of week years can be tested with a call to getCalendar() . isWeekDateSupported() .

• Letter M produces context-sensitive month names, such as the embedded form of names. Letter M is context-sensitive in the sense that when it is used in the standalone pattern, for example, «MMMM», it gives the standalone form of a month name and when it is used in the pattern containing other field(s), for example, «d MMMM», it gives the format form of a month name. For example, January in the Catalan language is «de gener» in the format form while it is «gener» in the standalone form. In this case, «MMMM» will produce «gener» and the month part of the «d MMMM» will produce «de gener». If a DateFormatSymbols has been set explicitly with constructor SimpleDateFormat(String,DateFormatSymbols) or method setDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols) , the month names given by the DateFormatSymbols are used.
• Letter L produces the standalone form of month names.

GMTOffsetTimeZone: GMT Sign Hours : Minutes Sign: one of + - Hours: Digit Digit Digit Minutes: Digit Digit Digit: one of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hours must be between 0 and 23, and Minutes must be between 00 and 59. The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard. For parsing, RFC 822 time zones are also accepted.

RFC822TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes TwoDigitHours: Digit Digit

ISO8601TimeZone: OneLetterISO8601TimeZone TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone OneLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Z TwoLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours Minutes Z ThreeLetterISO8601TimeZone: Sign TwoDigitHours : Minutes Z

Examples

The following examples show how date and time patterns are interpreted in the U.S. locale. The given date and time are 2001-07-04 12:08:56 local time in the U.S. Pacific Time time zone.

Examples of date and time patterns interpreted in the U.S. locale

Date and Time Pattern	Result
«yyyy.MM.dd G ‘at’ HH:mm:ss z»	2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT
«EEE, MMM d, »yy»	Wed, Jul 4, ’01
«h:mm a»	12:08 PM
«hh ‘o»clock’ a, zzzz»	12 o’clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time
«K:mm a, z»	0:08 PM, PDT
«yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa»	02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM
«EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z»	Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700
«yyMMddHHmmssZ»	010704120856-0700
«yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSZ»	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700
«yyyy-MM-dd’T’HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX»	2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00
«YYYY-‘W’ww-u»	2001-W27-3

Synchronization

Date formats are not synchronized. It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread. If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized externally.

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Format LocalDateTime to String in Java

In this article, we will see how to format LocalDateTime to String in java.

Java LocalDateTime To String

To format LocalDateTime to String, we can create DateTimeFormatter and pass it to LocalDateTime’s format() method.

• Get LocalDateTime instance
• Create DateTimeFormatter instance with specified format
• Pass above DateTimeFormatter to format() method to convert LocalDateTime to String in java.

Further reading:

Convert LocalDateTime to Date in Java

Format Instant to String in Java

DateTimeFormatter is immutable and thread safe, so you do not have to create new instance every time. It is recommended to declare DateTimeFormatter instance static constant.

Convert LocalDateTime to Time Zone ISO8601 String

In case, you are working with ISO 8601, then you can use LocalDateTime’s atZone() method to get ZoneDateTime object and use toString() method on ZoneDateTime to convert LocalDateTime to String in java.

Parse String to LocalDateTime

Similar to format() , LocalDateTime provides parse() method to convert String to LocalDateTime in Java.
Here is sample code:

That’s all about how to Format LocalDateTime to String in Java 8.

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