Java ch qos logback

Java ch qos logback

The complete logback manual documents the latest version of logback framework. In over 150 pages and dozens of concrete examples, it covers both basic and advanced logback features, including:

• the overall logback architecture
• discussion of best logback practices and anti-patterns
• logback configuration scripts in XML format
• appenders
• encoders
• layouts
• filters
• mapped diagnostic contexts
• Joran, logback’s configuration system

The logback manual describes the logback API in considerable detail, including its features and design rationale. Authored by Ceki Gülcü and Sébastien Pennec, the main contributors to the logback project, the logback manual is intended for developers already familiar with the Java language but new to logback, as much as for experienced logback users. With the aid of introductory material and many examples, new users should quickly come up to speed.

Without further ado, here are the contents of the manual:

• Chapter 1: Introduction to logback
• Chapter 2: Architecture
• Chapter 3: Configuration
• Chapter 4: Appenders
• Chapter 5: Encoders
• Chapter 6: Layouts
• Chapter 7: Filters
• Chapter 8: Mapped Diagnostic Contexts
• Chapter 9: Logging Separation
• Chapter 10: Joran
• Chapter 11: Migration from log4j
• Chapter 12: Receivers
• Chapter 13: Using SSL

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The reliable, generic, fast and flexible logging framework for Java.

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README.md

Thank you for your interest in logback, the reliable, generic, fast and flexible logging library for Java.

The Logback documentation can be found on the project web-site as well as under the docs/ folder of the logback distribution.

Java EE and Jakarta EE versions

Given that downstream users are likely to depend on either Java EE (in the javax namespace) or on Jakarta EE (in the jakarta namespace) in their projects, it was deemed important for logback to support both EE alternatives.

Version 1.3.x supports Java EE, while version 1.4.x supports Jakarta EE. The two versions are feature identical.

Both 1.3.x and 1.4.x series require SLF4J 2.0.x or later.

The 1.3.x series requires Java 8 at runtime. If you wish to build logback from source, you will need Java 9.

The 1.4.x series requires Java 11 at build time and at runtime.

Version 1.3.x requires Java 9 to compile and build.

More details on building logback is documented at:

In case of problems please do not hesitate to post an e-mail message on the logback-user@qos.ch mailing list. However, please do not directly e-mail logback developers. The answer to your question might be useful to other users. Moreover, there are many knowledgeable users on the logback-user mailing lists who can quickly answer your questions.

For urgent issues do not hesitate to champion a release. In principle, most championed issues are solved within 3 business days followed up by a release.

If you are interested in improving logback, great! The logback community looks forward to your contribution. Please follow this process:

1. Please file a bug report before filing a pull requests. Note that pull requests wit an associated JIRA issue will get more attention. Moreover, your pull request is unlikely to be merged without an associated jira issue. Optional: Start a discussion on the logback-dev mailing list about your proposed change.
2. Fork qos-ch/logback. Ideally, create a new branch from your fork for your contribution to make it easier to merge your changes back.
3. Make your changes on the branch you hopefully created in Step 2. Be sure that your code passes existing unit tests.
4. Please add unit tests for your work if appropriate. It usually is.
5. Push your changes to your fork/branch in GitHub. Don’t push it to your master! If you do it will make it harder to submit new changes later.
6. Submit a pull request to logback from your commit page on GitHub.

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The reliable, generic, fast and flexible logging framework for Java.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Logback-classic module requires the presence of slf4j-api.jar and logback-core.jar in addition to logback-classic.jar on the classpath.

The logback-*.jar files are part of the logback distribution whereas slf4j-api-2.0.7.jar ships with SLF4J, a separate project.

Let us now begin experimenting with logback.

package chapters.introduction; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class HelloWorld1 < public static void main(String[] args) < Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(​"chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld1"); logger.debug("Hello world."); >>

HelloWorld1 class is defined in the chapters.introduction package. It starts by importing the Logger and LoggerFactory classes defined in the SLF4J API, specifically within the org.slf4j package.

On the first line of the main() method, the variable named logger is assigned a Logger instance retrieved by invoking the static getLogger method from the LoggerFactory class. This logger is named «chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld1». The main method proceeds to call the debug method of this logger passing «Hello World» as an argument. We say that the main method contains a logging statement of level DEBUG with the message «Hello world».

Note that the above example does not reference any logback classes. In most cases, as far as logging is concerned, your classes will only need to import SLF4J classes. Thus, the vast majority, if not all, of your classes will use the SLF4J API and will be oblivious to the existence of logback.

You can launch the first sample application, chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld1 with the command:

java chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld1

Launching the HelloWorld1 application will output a single line on the console. By virtue of logback’s default configuration policy, when no default configuration file is found, logback will add a ConsoleAppender to the root logger.

20:49:07.962 [main] DEBUG chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld1 — Hello world.

Logback can report information about its internal state using a built-in status system. Important events occurring during logback’s lifetime can be accessed through a component called StatusManager . For the time being, let us instruct logback to print its internal state by invoking the static print() method of the StatusPrinter class.

package chapters.introduction; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import ch.qos.logback.classic.​LoggerContext; import ch.qos.logback.core.​util.StatusPrinter; public class HelloWorld2 < public static void main(String[] args) < Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(​"chapters.​introduction.HelloWorld2"); logger.debug("Hello world."); // print internal state LoggerContext lc = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.​getILoggerFactory(); StatusPrinter.print(lc); > >

Running the HelloWorld2 application will produce the following output:

12:49:22.203 [main] DEBUG chapters.introduction.​HelloWorld2 - Hello world. 12:49:22,076 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.​LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback.groovy] 12:49:22,078 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.​LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback-test.xml] 12:49:22,093 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.​LoggerContext[default] - Could NOT find resource [logback.xml] 12:49:22,093 |-INFO in ch.qos.logback.classic.​LoggerContext[default] - Setting up default configuration.

Logback explains that having failed to find the logback-test.xml and logback.xml configuration files (discussed later), it configured itself using its default policy, which is a basic ConsoleAppender . An Appender is a class that can be seen as an output destination. Appenders exist for many different destinations including the console, files, Syslog, TCP Sockets, JMS and many more. Users can also easily create their own Appenders as appropriate for their specific situation.

Note that in case of errors, logback will automatically print its internal state on the console.

The previous examples are rather simple. Actual logging in a larger application would not be that different. The general pattern for logging statements would not change. Only the configuration process would be different. However, you would probably want to customize or configure logback according to your needs. Logback configuration will be covered in subsequent chapters.

Note that in the above example we have instructed logback to print its internal state by invoking the StatusPrinter.print() method. Logback’s internal status information can be very useful in diagnosing logback-related problems.

Here is a list of the three required steps in order to enable logging in your application.

1. Configure the logback environment. You can do so in several more or less sophisticated ways. More on this later.
2. In every class where you wish to perform logging, retrieve a Logger instance by invoking the org.slf4j.LoggerFactory class’ getLogger() method, passing the current class name or the class itself as a parameter.
3. Use this logger instance by invoking its printing methods, namely the debug(), info(), warn() and error() methods. This will produce logging output on the configured appenders.

Building logback

Once you have installed Maven, building the logback project, including all its modules, should be as easy as issuing a mvn install command from within the directory where you unarchived the logback distribution. Maven will automatically download the required external libraries.

Logback distributions contain complete source code such that you can modify parts of logback library and build your own version of it. You may even redistribute the modified version, as long as you adhere to the conditions of the LGPL license or the EPL license.

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