Hyperlink Example

HTML Links

Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

HTML Links — Hyperlinks

HTML links are hyperlinks.

You can click on a link and jump to another document.

When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand.

Note: A link does not have to be text. A link can be an image or any other HTML element!

HTML Links — Syntax

The link text is the part that will be visible to the reader.

Clicking on the link text, will send the reader to the specified URL address.

Example

This example shows how to create a link to W3Schools.com:

By default, links will appear as follows in all browsers:

• An unvisited link is underlined and blue
• A visited link is underlined and purple
• An active link is underlined and red

Tip: Links can of course be styled with CSS, to get another look!

HTML Links — The target Attribute

By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window. To change this, you must specify another target for the link.

The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.

The target attribute can have one of the following values:

• _self — Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was clicked
• _blank — Opens the document in a new window or tab
• _parent — Opens the document in the parent frame
• _top — Opens the document in the full body of the window

Example

Use target=»_blank» to open the linked document in a new browser window or tab:

Absolute URLs vs. Relative URLs

Both examples above are using an absolute URL (a full web address) in the href attribute.

A local link (a link to a page within the same website) is specified with a relative URL (without the «https://www» part):

Example

Absolute URLs

W3C

Google

Relative URLs

HTML Images

CSS Tutorial

HTML Links — Use an Image as a Link

To use an image as a link, just put the tag inside the tag:

Example

Link to an Email Address

Use mailto: inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user’s email program (to let them send a new email):

Example

Button as a Link

To use an HTML button as a link, you have to add some JavaScript code.

JavaScript allows you to specify what happens at certain events, such as a click of a button:

Example

Tip: Learn more about JavaScript in our JavaScript Tutorial.

Link Titles

The title attribute specifies extra information about an element. The information is most often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element.

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: The Anchor element

The HTML element (or anchor element), with its href attribute, creates a hyperlink to web pages, files, email addresses, locations in the same page, or anything else a URL can address.

Try it

Attributes

This element’s attributes include the global attributes.

Causes the browser to treat the linked URL as a download. Can be used with or without a filename value:

• Without a value, the browser will suggest a filename/extension, generated from various sources:
  • The Content-Disposition HTTP header
  • The final segment in the URL path
  • The media type (from the Content-Type header, the start of a data: URL, or Blob.type for a blob: URL)
  • download only works for same-origin URLs, or the blob: and data: schemes.
  • How browsers treat downloads varies by browser, user settings, and other factors. The user may be prompted before a download starts, or the file may be saved automatically, or it may open automatically, either in an external application or in the browser itself.
  • If the Content-Disposition header has different information from the download attribute, resulting behavior may differ:
    • If the header specifies a filename , it takes priority over a filename specified in the download attribute.
    • If the header specifies a disposition of inline , Chrome and Firefox prioritize the attribute and treat it as a download. Old Firefox versions (before 82) prioritize the header and will display the content inline.

    The URL that the hyperlink points to. Links are not restricted to HTTP-based URLs — they can use any URL scheme supported by browsers:

    • Sections of a page with document fragments
    • Specific text portions with text fragments
    • Pieces of media files with media fragments
    • Telephone numbers with tel: URLs
    • Email addresses with mailto: URLs
    • While web browsers may not support other URL schemes, websites can with registerProtocolHandler()

    Hints at the human language of the linked URL. No built-in functionality. Allowed values are the same as the global lang attribute.

    A space-separated list of URLs. When the link is followed, the browser will send POST requests with the body PING to the URLs. Typically for tracking.

    How much of the referrer to send when following the link.

    • no-referrer : The Referer header will not be sent.
    • no-referrer-when-downgrade : The Referer header will not be sent to origins without TLS (HTTPS).
    • origin : The sent referrer will be limited to the origin of the referring page: its scheme, host, and port.
    • origin-when-cross-origin : The referrer sent to other origins will be limited to the scheme, the host, and the port. Navigations on the same origin will still include the path.
    • same-origin : A referrer will be sent for same origin, but cross-origin requests will contain no referrer information.
    • strict-origin : Only send the origin of the document as the referrer when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), but don’t send it to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).
    • strict-origin-when-cross-origin (default): Send a full URL when performing a same-origin request, only send the origin when the protocol security level stays the same (HTTPS→HTTPS), and send no header to a less secure destination (HTTPS→HTTP).
    • unsafe-url : The referrer will include the origin and the path (but not the fragment, password, or username). This value is unsafe, because it leaks origins and paths from TLS-protected resources to insecure origins.

    The relationship of the linked URL as space-separated link types.

    Where to display the linked URL, as the name for a browsing context (a tab, window, or ). The following keywords have special meanings for where to load the URL:

    • _self : the current browsing context. (Default)
    • _blank : usually a new tab, but users can configure browsers to open a new window instead.
    • _parent : the parent browsing context of the current one. If no parent, behaves as _self .
    • _top : the topmost browsing context (the «highest» context that’s an ancestor of the current one). If no ancestors, behaves as _self .

    Note: Setting target=»_blank» on elements implicitly provides the same rel behavior as setting rel=»noopener» which does not set window.opener .

    Hints at the linked URL’s format with a MIME type. No built-in functionality.

    Deprecated attributes

    Hinted at the character encoding of the linked URL.

    Note: This attribute is deprecated and should not be used by authors. Use the HTTP Content-Type header on the linked URL.

    Used with the shape attribute. A comma-separated list of coordinates.

    Was required to define a possible target location in a page. In HTML 4.01, id and name could both be used on , as long as they had identical values.

    Note: Use the global attribute id instead.

    Specified a reverse link; the opposite of the rel attribute. Deprecated for being very confusing.

    The shape of the hyperlink’s region in an image map.

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    HTML — Text Links

    A webpage can contain various links that take you directly to other pages and even specific parts of a given page. These links are known as hyperlinks.

    Hyperlinks allow visitors to navigate between Web sites by clicking on words, phrases, and images. Thus you can create hyperlinks using text or images available on a webpage.

    Note − I recommend you to go through a short tutorial on Understanding URL

    Linking Documents

    A link is specified using HTML tag . This tag is called anchor tag and anything between the opening tag and the closing tag becomes part of the link and a user can click that part to reach to the linked document. Following is the simple syntax to use tag.

    Example

    Let’s try following example which links http://www.tutorialspoint.com at your page −

         
    Click following link
     Tutorials Point   

    This will produce the following result, where you can click on the link generated to reach to the home page of Tutorials Point (in this example).

    The target Attribute

    We have used target attribute in our previous example. This attribute is used to specify the location where linked document is opened. Following are the possible options −

    Opens the linked document in a new window or tab.

    Opens the linked document in the same frame.

    Opens the linked document in the parent frame.

    Opens the linked document in the full body of the window.

    Opens the linked document in a named targetframe.

    Example

    Try following example to understand basic difference in few options given for target attribute.

         
    Click any of the following links
     Opens in New | Opens in Self | Opens in Parent | Opens in Body   

    This will produce the following result, where you can click on different links to understand the difference between various options given for target attribute.

    Use of Base Path

    When you link HTML documents related to the same website, it is not required to give a complete URL for every link. You can get rid of it if you use tag in your HTML document header. This tag is used to give a base path for all the links. So your browser will concatenate given relative path to this base path and will make a complete URL.

    Example

    Following example makes use of tag to specify base URL and later we can use relative path to all the links instead of giving complete URL for every link.

         
    Click following link
     HTML Tutorial   

    This will produce the following result, where you can click on the link generated HTML Tutorial to reach to the HTML tutorial.

    Linking to a Page Section

    You can create a link to a particular section of a given webpage by using name attribute. This is a two-step process.

    Note − The name attribute deprecated in HTML5. Do not use this attribute. Use id and title attribute instead.

    First create a link to the place where you want to reach with-in a webpage and name it using tag as follows −

    Second step is to create a hyperlink to link the document and place where you want to reach −

    This will produce following link, where you can click on the link generated Go to the Top to reach to the top of the HTML Text Link tutorial.

    Setting Link Colors

    You can set colors of your links, active links and visited links using link, alink and vlink attributes of tag.

    Example

    Save the following in test.htm and open it in any web browser to see how link, alink and vlink attributes work.

         
    Click following link
     HTML Tutorial   

    This will produce the following result. Just check color of the link before clicking on it, next check its color when you activate it and when the link has been visited.

    Download Links

    You can create text link to make your PDF, or DOC or ZIP files downloadable. This is very simple; you just need to give complete URL of the downloadable file as follows −

         Download PDF File   

    This will produce following link and will be used to download a file.

    File Download Dialog Box

    Sometimes it is desired that you want to give an option where a user will click a link and it will pop up a «File Download» box to the user instead of displaying actual content. This is very easy and can be achieved using an HTTP header in your HTTP response.

    For example, if you want make a Filename file downloadable from a given link then its syntax will be as follows.

    #!/usr/bin/perl # Additional HTTP Header print «Content-Type:application/octet-stream; name = \»FileName\»\r\n»; print «Content-Disposition:attachment; filename = \»FileName\»\r\n\n»; # Open the target file and list down its content as follows open( FILE, »

    Note − For more detail on PERL CGI programs, go through tutorial PERL and CGI.

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