Html css colors text

Fundamental text and font styling

In this article we’ll start you on your journey towards mastering text styling with CSS. Here we’ll go through all the basic fundamentals of text/font styling in detail, including setting font weight, family and style, font shorthand, text alignment and other effects, and line and letter spacing.

Prerequisites:	Basic computer literacy, HTML basics (study Introduction to HTML), CSS basics (study Introduction to CSS).
Objective:	To learn the fundamental properties and techniques needed to style text on web pages.

What is involved in styling text in CSS?

If you have worked with HTML or CSS already, e.g., by working through these tutorials in order, then you know that text inside an element is laid out inside the element’s content box. It starts at the top left of the content area (or the top right, in the case of RTL language content), and flows towards the end of the line. Once it reaches the end, it goes down to the next line and flows to the end again. This pattern repeats until all the content has been placed in the box. Text content effectively behaves like a series of inline elements, being laid out on lines adjacent to one another, and not creating line breaks until the end of the line is reached, or unless you force a line break manually using the element.

Note: If the above paragraph leaves you feeling confused, then no matter — go back and review our Box model article to brush up on the box model theory before carrying on.

The CSS properties used to style text generally fall into two categories, which we’ll look at separately in this article:

• Font styles: Properties that affect a text’s font, e.g., which font gets applied, its size, and whether it’s bold, italic, etc.
• Text layout styles: Properties that affect the spacing and other layout features of the text, allowing manipulation of, for example, the space between lines and letters, and how the text is aligned within the content box.

Note: Bear in mind that the text inside an element is all affected as one single entity. You can’t select and style subsections of text unless you wrap them in an appropriate element (such as a or ), or use a text-specific pseudo-element like ::first-letter (selects the first letter of an element’s text), ::first-line (selects the first line of an element’s text), or ::selection (selects the text currently highlighted by the cursor).

Fonts

Let’s move straight on to look at properties for styling fonts. In this example, we’ll apply some CSS properties to the following HTML sample:

h1>Tommy the cath1> p>Well I remember it as though it were a meal ago…p> p> Said Tommy the Cat as he reeled back to clear whatever foreign matter may have nestled its way into his mighty throat. Many a fat alley rat had met its demise while staring point blank down the cavernous barrel of this awesome prowling machine. Truly a wonder of nature this urban predator — Tommy the cat had many a story to tell. But it was a rare occasion such as this that he did. p> 

Color

The color property sets the color of the foreground content of the selected elements, which is usually the text, but can also include a couple of other things, such as an underline or overline placed on text using the text-decoration property.

color can accept any CSS color unit, for example:

This will cause the paragraphs to become red, rather than the standard browser default of black, like so:

h1>Tommy the cath1> p>Well I remember it as though it were a meal ago…p> p> Said Tommy the Cat as he reeled back to clear whatever foreign matter may have nestled its way into his mighty throat. Many a fat alley rat had met its demise while staring point blank down the cavernous barrel of this awesome prowling machine. Truly a wonder of nature this urban predator — Tommy the cat had many a story to tell. But it was a rare occasion such as this that he did. p> 

Font families

To set a different font for your text, you use the font-family property — this allows you to specify a font (or list of fonts) for the browser to apply to the selected elements. The browser will only apply a font if it is available on the machine the website is being accessed on; if not, it will just use a browser default font. A simple example looks like so:

This would make all paragraphs on a page adopt the arial font, which is found on any computer.

Web safe fonts

Speaking of font availability, there are only a certain number of fonts that are generally available across all systems and can therefore be used without much worry. These are the so-called web safe fonts.

Most of the time, as web developers we want to have more specific control over the fonts used to display our text content. The problem is to find a way to know which font is available on the computer used to see our web pages. There is no way to know this in every case, but the web safe fonts are known to be available on nearly all instances of the most used operating systems (Windows, macOS, the most common Linux distributions, Android, and iOS).

The list of actual web safe fonts will change as operating systems evolve, but it’s reasonable to consider the following fonts web safe, at least for now (many of them have been popularized thanks to the Microsoft Core fonts for the Web initiative in the late 90s and early 2000s):

Name	Generic type	Notes
Arial	sans-serif	It’s often considered best practice to also add Helvetica as a preferred alternative to Arial as, although their font faces are almost identical, Helvetica is considered to have a nicer shape, even if Arial is more broadly available.
Courier New	monospace	Some OSes have an alternative (possibly older) version of the Courier New font called Courier. It’s considered best practice to use both with Courier New as the preferred alternative.
Georgia	serif
Times New Roman	serif	Some OSes have an alternative (possibly older) version of the Times New Roman font called Times. It’s considered best practice to use both with Times New Roman as the preferred alternative.
Trebuchet MS	sans-serif	You should be careful with using this font — it isn’t widely available on mobile OSes.
Verdana	sans-serif

Note: Among various resources, the cssfontstack.com website maintains a list of web safe fonts available on Windows and macOS operating systems, which can help you make your decision about what you consider safe for your usage.

Note: There is a way to download a custom font along with a webpage, to allow you to customize your font usage in any way you want: web fonts. This is a little bit more complex, and we will discuss it in a separate article later on in the module.

Default fonts

CSS defines five generic names for fonts: serif , sans-serif , monospace , cursive , and fantasy . These are very generic and the exact font face used from these generic names can vary between each browser and each operating system that they are displayed on. It represents a worst case scenario where the browser will try its best to provide a font that looks appropriate. serif , sans-serif , and monospace are quite predictable and should provide something reasonable. On the other hand, cursive and fantasy are less predictable and we recommend using them very carefully, testing as you go.

The five names are defined as follows:

body  font-family: sans-serif; >
 
Источник
 
CSS Font Color – How to Style Text in HTML
 
 
 Kolade Chris
 
 
Setting text color on a website you're building might be confusing at first. But in this article, you'll learn how to do it.
 
How to Set Text Color in HTML
 
In CSS, the background-color property is pretty straightforward for setting the background color of anything.
 
So what if you want to set the foreground color of something on the page? Especially text, which under normal conditions you wouldn't want to set a background color for.
 
There's no foreground-color property in CSS, so what makes this possible is the color property.
 
In this article, I will walk you through how to set the color of text using the color property. We'll also look at the various ways it takes values.
 
The color property takes values in 4 different ways: named color, hexadecimal color, RGB color, and HSL color. Let's look at each one now.
 
Named Colors
 
As the name implies, you bring in the color property and apply the value by naming the color you want. This may be red, green, blue, orange, crimson, cyan, or any other named color. There are around 147 named colors recognized by browsers.
 
The basic syntax looks like this:
 
 
Hexadecimal Colors (or just Hex Colors)
 
Hex values are used to represent colors with a total of 6 characters. They start with the pound/number sign (#), then any number from 0 to 9, and finally any letter from A to F.
 
The first 2 values stand for red, the next two stand for green, and the last 2 represent blue. With hex values, there's no limit to the shades of colors you can use.
 
RGB Colors
 
RGB stands for red, green, and blue. With RGB colosr, you specify the color in terms of how much red, green, and blue you want. All three are expressed with numbers between 0 and 255.
 
There is a type of RGB called rgba . The extra ‘a’ stands for alpha, which lets you specify the opacity of the color. It takes a value from 0.0 to 1.0 – 0.0 means 0% opacity, 0.5 means 50% opacity, and 1.0 means 100% opacity.
 
The basic syntax is rgba(amountOfRed, amountOfGreen, amountOfBlue, alpha) .
 
You can limit it to rgba(amountOfRed, amountOfGreen, amountOfBlue) if you don't want an alpha value.
 
Here's the syntax for the regular RGB values:
 
 
And here it is demonstrating the alpha value in action with 50% (0.5) opacity:
 
 
HSL Colors
 
HSL stands for hue, saturation, and lightness. It is another way of specifying color for text (and anything else that takes color) in CSS.
 
 
Hue represents the color wheel in 360°. So, 0° is red, 120° is green and 240° is blue.
 
Saturation is the amount of gray in the color, expressed as a percentage. 0% is the shade of gray and 100% is the color itself.
 
Lightness is the amount of darkness and lightness in the color expressed as a percentage. 0% is black and 100% is white.
 
 
Just like the RGB colors, you can also set the opacity of the color. So, there's also hsla.
 
The full basic syntax is hsl(colorDegree, saturationPercentage, lightnessPercentage, alpha) . You can limit it to hsl(colorDegree, saturationPercentage, lightnessPercentage) in case you don't want an alpha value.
 
 
You can apply a particular opacity to the hsl color like this:
 
 
Should You Use Named Colors, Hex Colors, RGB Colors, or HSL Colors to Assign Colors?
 
One of the wonderful things about CSS is that there are multiple ways of doing the same thing. You've seen this by applying colors to text.
 
Since you can apply colors in 4 different ways, you must be wondering which is the best to use.
 
When you use named colors, you're kind of limited in how far you can go in applying different shades of colors. Red, green, blue, yellow, or any other named color has a lot of variations you won't get access to with named colors. You'll only have access to around 147 predefined colors recognized by browsers.
 
Hexadecimal colors are very dynamic. They are the most commonly used among developers because your limit is your creativity. With hex colors, you can use various shades and even use a color no one has ever used.
 
RGB colors are as dynamic as hex colors. Apart from being able to specify how much red, green, and blue you want from 0 to 255, you can also set how transparent you want the color to be with the extra alpha value.
 
HSL is the most dynamic of all. You get to specify the exact color you want in degrees from 0 to 360 within the color wheel, set how saturated and dark you want it to be in percentages, and also set an opacity from 0.0 to 1.0.
 
So really, it's up to you and your use case – and just how creative or specific you want to get.
 
Conclusion
 
Applying colors to text helps make your website more attractive to visitors. The right color combo can also help your content become more readable too.
 
In this article, you have learned how to apply colors to text with the 4 different kinds of values you can use with the color property.
 
Thank you for reading, and keep coding.
 
Источник
 
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