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Guide – Usage of DirectoryIndex in Apache/2 with (.htaccess) File

DirectoryIndex used to allow you to land default page when client access a directory. For example, When a visitor request a directory to access it on your website, you can define the file to load when they request to a directory. To display a “index.html” file instead of “index.php” when client request a directory . Simply we can create a .htaccess file on our root directory or any other location.

Setup index.html as a default page when directory accessed

#vim /var/www/html/.htaccess DirectoryIndex index.html 

Here we have define default page “index.html” to load if client request “/web” directory.

We can also define multiple file to load default if client access “/web” directory.

Setup multiple file as a default page when directory accessed

#vim /var/www/html/.htaccess DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.shtml 

You can see I have define DirectoyIndex first load default page “index.php” than “index.php” and so on.

If client request a directory web server try to load first “index.html” file. If “index.html” file is not available on the accessed directory, than web server try to load next define file “index.php” and so on.

If non of them files are available on directory. Apache server try to revert it’s default setting and it will display an error message like “ 403 Error-Forbidden! ” . If you get this error that means Indexing is not allowed on your web server.

Here you can see my vhost configuration file for example.

 ServerName www.example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html CustomLog /var/log/httpd/vhosts/www.example.com/access_log combined ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/vhosts/www.example.com/error_log Options -Indexes -MultiViews +FollowSymLinks #AllowOverride None AllowOverride All #AllowOverride AuthConfig Limit FileInfo Order allow,deny Allow from all DirectoryIndex index.html DirectoryIndex index.html index.php index.shtml Deny from all   

After editing your Apache configuration file you will need to restart/reload Apache service.

# service httpd reload OR # service httpd restart

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Apache Module mod_dir

The index of a directory can come from one of two sources:

• A file written by the user, typically called index.html . The DirectoryIndex directive sets the name of this file. This is controlled by mod_dir .
• Otherwise, a listing generated by the server. This is provided by mod_autoindex .

The two functions are separated so that you can completely remove (or replace) automatic index generation should you want to.

A «trailing slash» redirect is issued when the server receives a request for a URL http://servername/foo/dirname where dirname is a directory. Directories require a trailing slash, so mod_dir issues a redirect to http://servername/foo/dirname/ .

Directives

Bugfix checklist

See also

DirectoryCheckHandler Directive

Description:	Toggle how this module responds when another handler is configured
Syntax:	DirectoryCheckHandler On|Off
Default:	DirectoryCheckHandler Off
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_dir
Compatibility:	Available in 2.4.8 and later. Releases prior to 2.4 implicitly act as if «DirectoryCheckHandler ON» was specified.

The DirectoryCheckHandler directive determines whether mod_dir should check for directory indexes or add trailing slashes when some other handler has been configured for the current URL. Handlers can be set by directives such as SetHandler or by other modules, such as mod_rewrite during per-directory substitutions.

In releases prior to 2.4, this module did not take any action if any other handler was configured for a URL. This allows directory indexes to be served even when a SetHandler directive is specified for an entire directory, but it can also result in some conflicts with modules such as mod_rewrite .

DirectoryIndex Directive

Description:	List of resources to look for when the client requests a directory
Syntax:	DirectoryIndex disabled | local-url [ local-url ] .
Default:	DirectoryIndex index.html
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_dir

The DirectoryIndex directive sets the list of resources to look for, when the client requests an index of the directory by specifying a / at the end of the directory name. Local-url is the (%-encoded) URL of a document on the server relative to the requested directory; it is usually the name of a file in the directory. Several URLs may be given, in which case the server will return the first one that it finds. If none of the resources exist and the Indexes option is set, the server will generate its own listing of the directory.

Example

then a request for http://example.com/docs/ would return http://example.com/docs/index.html if it exists, or would list the directory if it did not.

Note that the documents do not need to be relative to the directory;

DirectoryIndex index.html index.txt /cgi-bin/index.pl

would cause the CGI script /cgi-bin/index.pl to be executed if neither index.html or index.txt existed in a directory.

A single argument of «disabled» prevents mod_dir from searching for an index. An argument of «disabled» will be interpreted literally if it has any arguments before or after it, even if they are «disabled» as well.

Note: Multiple DirectoryIndex directives within the same context will add to the list of resources to look for rather than replace:

# Example A: Set index.html as an index page, then add index.php to that list as well. DirectoryIndex index.html DirectoryIndex index.php # Example B: This is identical to example A, except it's done with a single directive. DirectoryIndex index.html index.php # Example C: To replace the list, you must explicitly reset it first: # In this example, only index.php will remain as an index resource. DirectoryIndex index.html DirectoryIndex disabled DirectoryIndex index.php 

DirectoryIndexRedirect Directive

Description:	Configures an external redirect for directory indexes.
Syntax:	DirectoryIndexRedirect on | off | permanent | temp | seeother | 3xx-code
Default:	DirectoryIndexRedirect off
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_dir
Compatibility:	Available in version 2.3.14 and later

By default, the DirectoryIndex is selected and returned transparently to the client. DirectoryIndexRedirect causes an external redirect to instead be issued.

• on : issues a 302 redirection to the index resource.
• off : does not issue a redirection. This is the legacy behaviour of mod_dir.
• permanent : issues a 301 (permanent) redirection to the index resource.
• temp : this has the same effect as on
• seeother : issues a 303 redirection (also known as «See Other») to the index resource.
• 3xx-code : issues a redirection marked by the chosen 3xx code.

Example

DirectoryIndexRedirect on

A request for http://example.com/docs/ would return a temporary redirect to http://example.com/docs/index.html if it exists.

DirectorySlash Directive

Description:	Toggle trailing slash redirects on or off
Syntax:	DirectorySlash On|Off
Default:	DirectorySlash On
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_dir

The DirectorySlash directive determines whether mod_dir should fixup URLs pointing to a directory or not.

Typically if a user requests a resource without a trailing slash, which points to a directory, mod_dir redirects him to the same resource, but with trailing slash for some good reasons:

• The user is finally requesting the canonical URL of the resource
• mod_autoindex works correctly. Since it doesn’t emit the path in the link, it would point to the wrong path.
• DirectoryIndex will be evaluated only for directories requested with trailing slash.
• Relative URL references inside html pages will work correctly.

If you don’t want this effect and the reasons above don’t apply to you, you can turn off the redirect as shown below. However, be aware that there are possible security implications to doing this.

# see security warning below! DirectorySlash Off SetHandler some-handler 

Security Warning

Turning off the trailing slash redirect may result in an information disclosure. Consider a situation where mod_autoindex is active ( Options +Indexes ) and DirectoryIndex is set to a valid resource (say, index.html ) and there’s no other special handler defined for that URL. In this case a request with a trailing slash would show the index.html file. But a request without trailing slash would list the directory contents.

Also note that some browsers may erroneously change POST requests into GET (thus discarding POST data) when a redirect is issued.

FallbackResource Directive

Description:	Define a default URL for requests that don’t map to a file
Syntax:	FallbackResource disabled | local-url
Default:	disabled — httpd will return 404 (Not Found)
Context:	server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess
Override:	Indexes
Status:	Base
Module:	mod_dir
Compatibility:	The disabled argument is available in version 2.4.4 and later

Use this to set a handler for any URL that doesn’t map to anything in your filesystem, and would otherwise return HTTP 404 (Not Found). For example

FallbackResource /not-404.php

will cause requests for non-existent files to be handled by not-404.php , while requests for files that exist are unaffected.

It is frequently desirable to have a single file or resource handle all requests to a particular directory, except those requests that correspond to an existing file or script. This is often referred to as a ‘front controller.’

In earlier versions of httpd, this effect typically required mod_rewrite , and the use of the -f and -d tests for file and directory existence. This now requires only one line of configuration.

FallbackResource /index.php

Existing files, such as images, css files, and so on, will be served normally.

Use the disabled argument to disable that feature if inheritance from a parent directory is not desired.

In a sub-URI, such as http://example.com/blog/ this sub-URI has to be supplied as local-url :

 FallbackResource /blog/index.php FallbackResource disabled 

A fallback handler (in the above case, /blog/index.php ) can access the original requested URL via the server variable REQUEST_URI . For example, to access this variable in PHP, use $_SERVER[‘REQUEST_URI’] .

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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

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