Css transform scale and rotate

CSS 2D Transforms

CSS transforms allow you to move, rotate, scale, and skew elements.

Mouse over the element below to see a 2D transformation:

In this chapter you will learn about the following CSS property:

Browser Support

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

CSS 2D Transforms Methods

With the CSS transform property you can use the following 2D transformation methods:

• translate()
• rotate()
• scaleX()
• scaleY()
• scale()
• skewX()
• skewY()
• skew()
• matrix()

Tip: You will learn about 3D transformations in the next chapter.

The translate() Method

The translate() method moves an element from its current position (according to the parameters given for the X-axis and the Y-axis).

The following example moves the element 50 pixels to the right, and 100 pixels down from its current position:

Example

The rotate() Method

The rotate() method rotates an element clockwise or counter-clockwise according to a given degree.

The following example rotates the element clockwise with 20 degrees:

Example

Using negative values will rotate the element counter-clockwise.

The following example rotates the element counter-clockwise with 20 degrees:

Example

The scale() Method

The scale() method increases or decreases the size of an element (according to the parameters given for the width and height).

The following example increases the element to be two times of its original width, and three times of its original height:

Example

The following example decreases the element to be half of its original width and height:

Example

The scaleX() Method

The scaleX() method increases or decreases the width of an element.

The following example increases the element to be two times of its original width:

Example

The following example decreases the element to be half of its original width:

Example

The scaleY() Method

The scaleY() method increases or decreases the height of an element.

The following example increases the element to be three times of its original height:

Example

The following example decreases the element to be half of its original height:

Example

The skewX() Method

The skewX() method skews an element along the X-axis by the given angle.

The following example skews the element 20 degrees along the X-axis:

Example

The skewY() Method

The skewY() method skews an element along the Y-axis by the given angle.

The following example skews the element 20 degrees along the Y-axis:

Example

The skew() Method

The skew() method skews an element along the X and Y-axis by the given angles.

The following example skews the element 20 degrees along the X-axis, and 10 degrees along the Y-axis:

Example

If the second parameter is not specified, it has a zero value. So, the following example skews the element 20 degrees along the X-axis:

Example

The matrix() Method

The matrix() method combines all the 2D transform methods into one.

The matrix() method take six parameters, containing mathematic functions, which allows you to rotate, scale, move (translate), and skew elements.

The parameters are as follow: matrix(scaleX(), skewY(), skewX(), scaleY(), translateX(), translateY())

Example

CSS Transform Properties

The following table lists all the 2D transform properties:

Property	Description
transform	Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element
transform-origin	Allows you to change the position on transformed elements

CSS 2D Transform Methods

Function	Description
matrix(n,n,n,n,n,n)	Defines a 2D transformation, using a matrix of six values
translate(x,y)	Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the X- and the Y-axis
translateX(n)	Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the X-axis
translateY(n)	Defines a 2D translation, moving the element along the Y-axis
scale(x,y)	Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the elements width and height
scaleX(n)	Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the element’s width
scaleY(n)	Defines a 2D scale transformation, changing the element’s height
rotate(angle)	Defines a 2D rotation, the angle is specified in the parameter
skew(x-angle,y-angle)	Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X- and the Y-axis
skewX(angle)	Defines a 2D skew transformation along the X-axis
skewY(angle)	Defines a 2D skew transformation along the Y-axis

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transform

The transform CSS property lets you rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element. It modifies the coordinate space of the CSS visual formatting model.

Try it

If the property has a value different than none , a stacking context will be created. In that case, the element will act as a containing block for any position: fixed; or position: absolute; elements that it contains.

Warning: Only transformable elements can be transform ed. That is, all elements whose layout is governed by the CSS box model except for: non-replaced inline boxes, table-column boxes, and table-column-group boxes.

Syntax

/* Keyword values */ transform: none; /* Function values */ transform: matrix(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); transform: matrix3d(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1); transform: perspective(17px); transform: rotate(0.5turn); transform: rotate3d(1, 2, 3, 10deg); transform: rotateX(10deg); transform: rotateY(10deg); transform: rotateZ(10deg); transform: translate(12px, 50%); transform: translate3d(12px, 50%, 3em); transform: translateX(2em); transform: translateY(3in); transform: translateZ(2px); transform: scale(2, 0.5); transform: scale3d(2.5, 1.2, 0.3); transform: scaleX(2); transform: scaleY(0.5); transform: scaleZ(0.3); transform: skew(30deg, 20deg); transform: skewX(30deg); transform: skewY(1.07rad); /* Multiple function values */ transform: translateX(10px) rotate(10deg) translateY(5px); transform: perspective(500px) translate(10px, 0, 20px) rotateY(3deg); /* Global values */ transform: inherit; transform: initial; transform: revert; transform: revert-layer; transform: unset; 

The transform property may be specified as either the keyword value none or as one or more values.

If perspective() is one of multiple function values, it must be listed first.

Values

One or more of the CSS transform functions to be applied. The transform functions are multiplied in order from left to right, meaning that composite transforms are effectively applied in order from right to left.

Specifies that no transform should be applied.

Accessibility concerns

Scaling/zooming animations are problematic for accessibility, as they are a common trigger for certain types of migraine. If you need to include such animations on your website, you should provide a control to allow users to turn off animations, preferably site-wide.

Also, consider making use of the prefers-reduced-motion media feature — use it to write a media query that will turn off animations if the user has reduced animation specified in their system preferences.

Formal definition

Initial value	none
Applies to	transformable elements
Inherited	no
Percentages	refer to the size of bounding box
Computed value	as specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths
Animation type	a transform
Creates stacking context	yes

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