Css height browser windows

CSS Height, Width and Max-width

The CSS height and width properties are used to set the height and width of an element.

The CSS max-width property is used to set the maximum width of an element.

CSS Setting height and width

The height and width properties are used to set the height and width of an element.

The height and width properties do not include padding, borders, or margins. It sets the height/width of the area inside the padding, border, and margin of the element.

CSS height and width Values

The height and width properties may have the following values:

• auto — This is default. The browser calculates the height and width
• length — Defines the height/width in px, cm, etc.
• % — Defines the height/width in percent of the containing block
• initial — Sets the height/width to its default value
• inherit — The height/width will be inherited from its parent value

CSS height and width Examples

Example

Set the height and width of a element:

Example

Set the height and width of another element:

Note: Remember that the height and width properties do not include padding, borders, or margins! They set the height/width of the area inside the padding, border, and margin of the element!

Setting max-width

The max-width property is used to set the maximum width of an element.

The max-width can be specified in length values, like px, cm, etc., or in percent (%) of the containing block, or set to none (this is default. Means that there is no maximum width).

The problem with the above occurs when the browser window is smaller than the width of the element (500px). The browser then adds a horizontal scrollbar to the page.

Using max-width instead, in this situation, will improve the browser’s handling of small windows.

Tip: Drag the browser window to smaller than 500px wide, to see the difference between the two divs!

Note: If you for some reason use both the width property and the max-width property on the same element, and the value of the width property is larger than the max-width property; the max-width property will be used (and the width property will be ignored).

Example

This element has a height of 100 pixels and a max-width of 500 pixels:

Try it Yourself — Examples

Set the height and width of elements
This example demonstrates how to set the height and width of different elements.

Set the height and width of an image using percent
This example demonstrates how to set the height and width of an image using a percent value.

Set min-width and max-width of an element
This example demonstrates how to set a minimum width and a maximum width of an element using a pixel value.

Set min-height and max-height of an element
This example demonstrates how to set a minimum height and a maximum height of an element using a pixel value.

All CSS Dimension Properties

Property	Description
height	Sets the height of an element
max-height	Sets the maximum height of an element
max-width	Sets the maximum width of an element
min-height	Sets the minimum height of an element
min-width	Sets the minimum width of an element
width	Sets the width of an element

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height

The height CSS property specifies the height of an element. By default, the property defines the height of the content area. If box-sizing is set to border-box , however, it instead determines the height of the border area.

Try it

The min-height and max-height properties override height .

Syntax

/* values */ height: 120px; height: 10em; height: 100vh; /* value */ height: 75%; /* Keyword values */ height: max-content; height: min-content; height: fit-content(20em); height: auto; /* Global values */ height: inherit; height: initial; height: revert; height: revert-layer; height: unset; 

Values

Defines the height as a distance value.

Defines the height as a percentage of the containing block’s height.

The browser will calculate and select a height for the specified element.

The intrinsic preferred height.

The intrinsic minimum height.

Box will use the available space, but never more than max-content

Uses the fit-content formula with the available space replaced by the specified argument, i.e. min(max-content, max(min-content, ))

Enables selecting a middle value within a range of values between a defined minimum and maximum

Accessibility concerns

Ensure that elements set with a height aren’t truncated and/or don’t obscure other content when the page is zoomed to increase text size.

Formal definition

Initial value	auto
Applies to	all elements but non-replaced inline elements, table columns, and column groups
Inherited	no
Percentages	The percentage is calculated with respect to the height of the generated box’s containing block. If the height of the containing block is not specified explicitly (i.e., it depends on content height), and this element is not absolutely positioned, the value computes to auto . A percentage height on the root element is relative to the initial containing block.
Computed value	a percentage or auto or the absolute length
Animation type	a length, percentage or calc();

Formal syntax

height =
auto |
|
min-content |
max-content |
fit-content( )

=
|

Examples

Setting height using pixels and percentages

HTML

div id="taller">I'm 50 pixels tall.div> div id="shorter">I'm 25 pixels tall.div> div id="parent"> div id="child">I'm half the height of my parent.div> div> 

CSS

div  width: 250px; margin-bottom: 5px; border: 2px solid blue; > #taller  height: 50px; > #shorter  height: 25px; > #parent  height: 100px; > #child  height: 50%; width: 75%; > 

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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This page was last modified on Jul 18, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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CSS Height Full Page CSS gotcha: How to fill page with a div?

So let’s say you want a div that fills up entire page.

div  height: 100%; width: 100%; font-size: 20px; background-color: lightskyblue; > 

What?! It doesn’t work! The height still only takes up the content, but not the whole page.

The width is good since a div is by default a block element, which takes as much width as possible anyways.

Can we just use a more «absolute» value like px ?

div  /* height: 100% */ height: 865px; /* current height of my browser */ /* . */ > 

It works. until the browser is resized It doesn’t adapt when the browser is resized. You can use JS for this, but that’s way overkill for what we wanted.

I mentioned px is «absolute», but only in the sense that they are not relative to anything else (like rem and vh). But the actual size still depends on the device. Here’s some details:

Relative units to the rescue!

Old school height: 100%

html, body  height: 100%; width: 100%; > div  height: 100%; /* . */ > 

Works! (We’ll fix the scrollbars later) By setting both and its child to 100% height, we achieve the full size. Note that only setting either of them won’t work, since percentage is always relative to another value. In this case:

• div is 100% the height of the body
• body is 100% the height of the html
• html is 100% the height of the Viewport

Viewport is the visible area of the browser, which varies by device.

For example, an iPhone 6/7/8 has a 375×667 viewport. You can verify this on your browser dev tools mobile options.

For now, you can think about viewport as the device pixel size or resolution. But if you want to go deep:

newer solution: viewport units vh and vw

Viewport-percentage lengths aka Viewport units have been around for a while now, and is perfect for responding to browser resizes.

• 1 viewport height ( 1vh ) = 1% of viewport height
• 1 viewport width ( 1vw ) = 1% of viewport width

In other words, 100vh = 100% of the viewport height

100vw = 100% of the viewport width

So these effectively fills up the device viewport.

html, body  /* height: 100%; */ /* width: 100% */ > div  /* height: 100%; width: 100%; */ height: 100vh; width: 100vw; /* . */ > 

Looks good too! (We’ll fix the scrollbars later)

As mentioned in the comments by @angelsixuk and @mpuckett , there is a known jumping behavior during scrolling when using 100vh on mobile browsers, which is an issue but considered intentional by webkit. See these links for details: Viewport height is taller than the visible part of the document in some mobile browsers and Stack Overflow: CSS3 100vh not constant in mobile browser

How about min-height: 100vh ?

While height fixes the length at 100vh , min-height starts at 100vh but allows content to extend the div beyond that length. If content is less than the length specified, min-height has no effect.

In other words, min-height makes sure the element is at least that length, and overrides height if height is defined and smaller than min-height .

For our goal of having a div child with full height and width, it doesn’t make any difference since the content is also at full size.

A good use case of min-height is for having a sticky footer that gets pushed when there is more content on the page. Check this out here and other good uses of vh

A very common practice is to apply height: 100vh and width: 100vw to directly.

In this case, we can even keep the container div relatively sized like in the beginning, in case we change our minds later.

And with this approach, we assure that our entire DOM body occupies full height and width regardless of our container div.

body  height: 100vh; width: 100vw; > div  height: 100%; width: 100%; /* height: 100vh; width: 100vw; */ /* . */ > 

vh/vw versus %

A good way of thinking about vh, vw vs % is that they are analogous to em and rem

% and em are both relative to the parent size, while vw/vh and rem are both relative to «the highest reference», root font size for rem and device viewport for vh/vw.

But why the scrollbar?

and have default margins and paddings!

Browsers feature a default margin, padding and borders to HTML elements. And the worst part is it’s different for each browser!

Chrome default for has a margin: 8px

And 100vh + 8px causes an overflow, since it’s more than the viewport

Luckily, it’s fairly easy to fix that:

html, body  margin: 0; padding: 0; > body . 

This is a «blanket» solution that would cover all margin and padding variations for any browser you might have.

Cool! Now we have our div filling up the page without scrollbars!

Finally, let’s add a little padding, since it’s awkward that the content is right on the edges.

What?! The scrollbar is back! What happened?

box-sizing border-box

box-sizing allows you to define whether the padding and border is included in the div’s height and width.

The default content-box of box-sizing doesn’t include padding and border in the length, so div becomes

border-box includes padding and border, so div stays at our required sizes:

It’s quite common to set all elements to border-box for a consistent layout and sizing throughout pages, using * selector:

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