Css grid column template

grid-template-columns

Baseline is determined by this web feature being supported on the current and the previous major versions of major browsers.

The grid-template-columns CSS property defines the line names and track sizing functions of the grid columns.

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Syntax

/* Keyword value */ grid-template-columns: none; /* values */ grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr; grid-template-columns: [linename] 100px; grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2 linename3]; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, 1fr); grid-template-columns: fit-content(40%); grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 200px); grid-template-columns: subgrid; grid-template-columns: masonry; /* values */ grid-template-columns: 200px repeat(auto-fill, 100px) 300px; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, max-content) repeat(auto-fill, 200px) 20%; grid-template-columns: [linename1] 100px [linename2] repeat(auto-fit, [linename3 linename4] 300px) 100px; grid-template-columns: [linename1 linename2] 100px repeat(auto-fit, [linename1] 300px) [linename3]; /* Global values */ grid-template-columns: inherit; grid-template-columns: initial; grid-template-columns: revert; grid-template-columns: revert-layer; grid-template-columns: unset; 

Values

Indicates that there is no explicit grid. Any columns will be implicitly generated and their size will be determined by the grid-auto-columns property.

A non-negative length, giving the width of the column.

Is a non-negative dimension with the unit fr specifying the track’s flex factor. Each -sized track takes a share of the remaining space in proportion to its flex factor.

When appearing outside a minmax() notation, it implies an automatic minimum (i.e. minmax(auto, ) ).

Is a keyword representing the largest maximal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track. For example, if the first element of the grid track contains the sentence «Repetitio est mater studiorum» and the second element contains the sentence «Dum spiro, spero», maximal content contribution will be defined by the size of the largest sentence among all of the grid elements — «Repetitio est mater studiorum».

Is a keyword representing the largest minimal content contribution of the grid items occupying the grid track. For example, if the first element of the grid track contains the sentence «Repetitio est mater studiorum» and the second element contains the sentence «Dum spiro, spero», minimal content contribution will be defined by the size of the largest word among all of the sentences in the grid elements — «studiorum».

Is a functional notation that defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max. If max is smaller than min, then max is ignored and the function is treated as min. As a maximum, a value sets the track’s flex factor. It is invalid as a minimum.

As a maximum represents the largest max-content size of the items in that track.

As a minimum represents the largest minimum size of items in that track (specified by the min-width / min-height of the items). This is often, though not always, the min-content size.

If used outside of minmax() notation, auto represents the range between the minimum and maximum described above. This behaves similarly to minmax(min-content,max-content) in most cases.

Note: auto track sizes (and only auto track sizes) can be stretched by the align-content and justify-content properties. Therefore by default, an auto sized track will take up any remaining space in the grid container.

Represents the formula max(minimum, min(limit, max-content)) , where minimum represents an auto minimum (which is often, but not always, equal to a min-content minimum), and limit is the track sizing function passed as an argument to fit-content(). This is essentially calculated as the smaller of minmax(auto, max-content) and minmax(auto, limit) .

Represents a repeated fragment of the track list, allowing a large number of columns that exhibit a recurring pattern to be written in a more compact form.

The masonry value indicates that this axis should be laid out according to the masonry algorithm.

The subgrid value indicates that the grid will adopt the spanned portion of its parent grid in that axis. Rather than being specified explicitly, the sizes of the grid rows/columns will be taken from the parent grid’s definition.

Warning: The masonry value is from Level 3 of the Grid specification and currently only has an experimental implementation behind a flag in Firefox.

The subgrid value is from Level 2 of the Grid specification and currently only has implementation in Firefox 71 and onwards.

Formal definition

Initial value	none
Applies to	grid containers
Inherited	no
Percentages	refer to corresponding dimension of the content area
Computed value	as specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths
Animation type	simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list

Formal syntax

grid-template-columns =
none |
|
|
subgrid ?

=
[ ? [ | ] ]+ ?

=
[ ? [ | ] ]* ? [ ? [ | ] ]* ?

=
[ | ]+

=
‘[‘ * ‘]’

=
|
minmax( , ) |
fit-content( )

=
repeat( [ ] , [ ? ]+ ? )

=
|
minmax( , ) |
minmax( , )

=
repeat( [ ] , [ ? ]+ ? )

=
repeat( [ auto-fill | auto-fit ] , [ ? ]+ ? )

=
repeat( [ | auto-fill ] , + )

=
|
|
min-content |
max-content |
auto

=
|
min-content |
max-content |
auto

=
|

=

Examples

Specifying grid column sizes

HTML

div id="grid"> div id="areaA">Adiv> div id="areaB">Bdiv> div> 

CSS

#grid  display: grid; width: 100%; grid-template-columns: 50px 1fr; > #areaA  background-color: lime; > #areaB  background-color: yellow; > 

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

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grid-template

Baseline is determined by this web feature being supported on the current and the previous major versions of major browsers.

The grid-template CSS property is a shorthand property for defining grid columns, grid rows, and grid areas.

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Constituent properties

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

Syntax

/* Keyword value */ grid-template: none; /* grid-template-rows / grid-template-columns values */ grid-template: 100px 1fr / 50px 1fr; grid-template: auto 1fr / auto 1fr auto; grid-template: [linename] 100px / [columnname1] 30% [columnname2] 70%; grid-template: fit-content(100px) / fit-content(40%); /* grid-template-areas grid-template-rows / grid-template-column values */ grid-template: "a a a" "b b b"; grid-template: "a a a" 20% "b b b" auto; grid-template: [header-top] "a a a" [header-bottom] [main-top] "b b b" 1fr [main-bottom] / auto 1fr auto; /* Global values */ grid-template: inherit; grid-template: initial; grid-template: revert; grid-template: revert-layer; grid-template: unset; 

Values

Is a keyword that sets all three longhand properties to none , meaning there is no explicit grid. There are no named grid areas. Rows and columns will be implicitly generated; their size will be determined by the grid-auto-rows and grid-auto-columns properties.

Sets grid-template-areas to the strings listed, grid-template-rows to the track sizes following each string (filling in auto for any missing sizes), and splicing in the named lines defined before/after each size, and grid-template-columns to the track listing specified after the slash (or none , if not specified).

Note: The repeat() function isn’t allowed in these track listings, as the tracks are intended to visually line up one-to-one with the rows/columns in the «ASCII art».

Note: The grid shorthand accepts the same syntax, but also resets the implicit grid properties to their initial values. Use grid (as opposed to grid-template ) to prevent these values from cascading in separately.

Formal definition

• grid-template-columns : none
• grid-template-rows : none
• grid-template-areas : none

• grid-template-columns : refer to corresponding dimension of the content area
• grid-template-rows : refer to corresponding dimension of the content area

• grid-template-columns : as specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths
• grid-template-rows : as specified, but with relative lengths converted into absolute lengths
• grid-template-areas : as specified

• grid-template-columns : simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
• grid-template-rows : simple list of length, percentage, or calc, provided the only differences are in the values of the length, percentage, or calc components in the list
• grid-template-areas : discrete

Formal syntax

grid-template =
none |
[ / ] |
[ ? ? ? ]+ [ / ]?

=
‘[‘ * ‘]’

=
|
minmax( , ) |
fit-content( )

=
[ ? ]+ ?

=
|
|
min-content |
max-content |
auto

=
|
min-content |
max-content |
auto

=
|

Examples

Defining a grid template

CSS

#page  display: grid; width: 100%; height: 200px; grid-template: [header-left] "head head" 30px [header-right] [main-left] "nav main" 1fr [main-right] [footer-left] "nav foot" 30px [footer-right] / 120px 1fr; > header  background-color: lime; grid-area: head; > nav  background-color: lightblue; grid-area: nav; > main  background-color: yellow; grid-area: main; > footer  background-color: red; grid-area: foot; > 

HTML

section id="page"> header>Headerheader> nav>Navigationnav> main>Main areamain> footer>Footerfooter> section> 

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

• Related CSS properties: grid-template-rows , grid-template-columns , grid-template-areas
• Grid Layout Guide: Line-based placement with CSS Grid
• Grid Layout Guide: Grid template areas — Grid definition shorthands
• Video tutorial: Grid Template shorthand

Found a content problem with this page?

This page was last modified on Jul 18, 2023 by MDN contributors.

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Developers

Visit Mozilla Corporation’s not-for-profit parent, the Mozilla Foundation.
Portions of this content are ©1998– 2023 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under a Creative Commons license.

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Полное визуальное руководство/шпаргалка по CSS Grid

Сегодня мы с вами рассмотрим свойства CSS Grid (далее также — Грид), позволяющие создавать адаптивные или отзывчивые макеты веб-страниц. Я постараюсь кратко, но полно объяснить, как работает каждое свойство.

Что такое CSS Grid ?

Грид — это макет для сайта (его схема, проект).

Грид-модель позволяет размещать контент сайта (располагать его определенным образом, позиционировать). Она позволяет создавать структуры, необходимые для обеспечения отзывчивости сайтов на различных устройствах. Это означает, что сайт будет одинаково хорошо смотреться на компьютере, телефоне и планшете.

Вот простой пример макета сайта, созданного с помощью Грида.

Архитектура CSS Grid

Как же Грид работает? Элементы Грида (grid items) располагаются вдоль главной или основной (main) и поперечной (cross) оси (axis). При помощи различных свойств мы можем манипулировать элементами для создания макетов.

Помимо прочего, у нас имеется возможность объединять строки и колонки подобно тому, как мы это делаем в Excel , что предоставляет нам большую гибкость, чем Флекс ( Flexbox ).

К слову, если вас интересует Флекс, вот соответствующая статья.

Схема CSS Grid

Схема содержит все возможные свойства, предоставляемые Гридом. Эти свойства делятся на:

Обратите внимание: красным цветом отмечены сокращения для свойств:

К концу настоящей статьи у вас будет полное понимание того, как работает каждое из них.

Настройка проекта

Для данного проекта требуются начальные знания HTML , CSS и умение работать с VSCode (или другим редактором по вашему вкусу). Делаем следующее:

1. Создаем директорию для проекта, например, Project1 и открываем ее в редакторе ( cd Project1 , code . )
2. Создаем файлы index.html и style.css
3. Устанавливаем в VSCode сервер для разработки ( Live Server , расширение) и запускаем его

Или вы можете просто открыть Codepen (или любую другую песочницу) и начать писать код.

Все готово, можно приступать к делу.

HTML

Создаем 3 контейнера внутри body :

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