Web Style Sheets CSS tips & tricks

The most common and (therefore) easiest type of centering is that of lines of text in a paragraph or in a heading. CSS has the property ‘text-align’ for that:

renders each line in a P or in a H2 centered between its margins, like this:

The lines in this paragraph are all centered between the paragraph’s margins, thanks to the value ‘center’ of the CSS property ‘text-align’.

Centering a block or image

Sometimes it is not the text that needs to be centered, but the block as a whole. Or, phrased differently: we want the left and right margin to be equal. The way to do that is to set the margins to ‘auto’. This is normally used with a block of fixed width, because if the block itself is flexible, it will simply take up all the available width. Here is an example:

This rather narrow block of text is centered. Note that the lines inside the block are not centered (they are left-aligned), unlike in the earlier example.

This is also the way to center an image: make it into block of its own and apply the margin properties to it. For example:

The following image is centered:

Centering vertically

CSS level 2 doesn’t have a property for centering things vertically. There will probably be one in CSS level 3 (see below ). But even in CSS2 you can center blocks vertically, by combining a few properties. The trick is to specify that the outer block is to be formatted as a table cell, because the contents of a table cell can be centered vertically.

DIV.container < min-height: 10em; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle >. 
This small paragraph.
 

This small paragraph is vertically centered.

Centering vertically in CSS level 3

CSS level 3 offers other possibilities. At this time (2014), a good way to center blocks vertically without using absolute positioning (which may cause overlapping text) is still under discussion. But if you know that overlapping text will not be a problem in your document, you can use the ‘transform’ property to center an absolutely positioned element. For example:

This paragraph is vertically centered.

For a document that looks like this:

the style sheet looks like this:

div.container3 < height: 10em; position: relative > /* 1 */ div.container3 p < margin: 0; position: absolute; /* 2 */ top: 50%; /* 3 */ transform: translate(0, -50%) > /* 4 */

1. Make the container relatively positioned, which declares it to be a container for absolutely positioned elements.
2. Make the element itself absolutely positioned.
3. Place it halfway down the container with ‘top: 50%’. (Note that 50%’ here means 50% of the height of the container.)
4. Use a translation to move the element up by half its own height. (The ‘50%’ in ‘translate(0, -50%)’ refers to the height of the element itself.)

Recently (since about 2015), another technique has also become available in several CSS implementations. It is based on the new ‘flex’ keyword for the ‘display’ property. This keyword is meant for use in graphical user interfaces (GUIs), but nothing stops you from using it in a document, if the document happens to have the right structure.

This paragraph is vertically centered.

the style sheet looks like this:

div.container5 < height: 10em; display: flex; align-items: center > div.container5 p

Centering vertically and horizontally in CSS level 3

We can extend both methods to center horizontally and vertically at the same time.

A side-effect of making the paragraph absolutely positioned is that it is then only as wide as it needs to be (unless we give it an explicit width, of course). In the example below, that’s precisely what we want: We center a paragraph with just one word (“Centered!”), so the width of the paragraph should be exactly the width of that word.

The yellow background is there to show that the paragraph is indeed only as wide as its contents. We assume the same mark-up as before:

The style sheet is similar to the previous example with respect to the vertical centering. But we now move the element halfway across the container as well, with ‘left: 50%’, and at the same time move it leftwards by half its own width in the ‘translate’ transformation:

div.container4 < height: 10em; position: relative >div.container4 p < margin: 0; background: yellow; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; margin-right: -50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) >

The next example below explains why the ‘margin-right: -50%’ is needed.

When the CSS formatter supports ‘flex’, it’s even easier:

div.container6 < height: 10em; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center > div.container6 p

i.e., the only addition is the ‘justify-content: center’. Just like ‘align-items’ determines the vertical alignment of the container’s contents, ‘justify-content’ determines the horizontal alignment. (It’s actually a bit more complex, as their names suggest, but in a simple case that’s how it works.) A side-effect of ‘flex’ is that the child element, the P in this case, is automatically made as small as possible.

Centering in the viewport in CSS level 3

The default container for absolutely positioned elements is the viewport. (In case of a browser, that means the browser window). So centering an element in the viewport is very simple. Here is a complete example. (This example uses HTML5 syntax.)

   
Nicely centered
 
This text block is vertically centered. 
Horizontally, too, if the window is wide enough.
 

You can see the result in a separate document.

The ‘margin-right: -50%’ is needed to compensate the ‘left: 50%’. The ‘left’ rule reduces the available width for the element by 50%. The renderer will thus try to make lines that are no longer than half the width of the container. By saying that the right margin of the element is further to the right by that same amount, the maximum line length is again the same as the container’s width.

Try resizing the window: You’ll see that each sentence is on one line when the window is wide enough. Only when the window is too narrow for the whole sentence will the sentence be broken over several lines. When you remove the ‘margin-right: -50%’ and resize the window again, you’ll see that the sentences will be broken already when the window is still twice as wide as the text lines.

Site navigation

Bert Bos, style activity lead
Copyright © 1994–2021 W3C ® Privacy policy

Created 5 May 2001;
Last updated Wed 06 Jan 2021 05:40:49 AM UTC

Источник

Mastering Centering Headings in HTML: A Comprehensive Guide with CSS Techniques

Learn how to center headings in HTML using CSS techniques. Improve the aesthetics and readability of your webpage with this comprehensive guide. Follow our best practices for HTML and CSS and start mastering the art of centering headings today!

• The tag and HTML4
• Center-align text in HTML using style attribute
• HTML Heading Tag Explained FULLY
• Centering text and headers in CSS
• Center-align text in table cells in HTML
• Best practices for HTML and CSS for centering elements
• Other code examples for centering headings in HTML»
• Conclusion
• How do you center a heading in HTML?
• How do I center my heading?
• How do I center a heading in CSS?

As a web developer, you may have come across the need to center headings and other content on a webpage. HTML has several ways to do this, but the

tag, which was used in HTML4 to center-align text, is no longer supported in HTML5. In this blog post, we will cover the different ways to center headings in HTML using the text-align property and CSS.

The tag and HTML4

tag was used in HTML4 to center-align text. It could be used to center both block level and inline contents within it. However, it is a deprecated HTML tag and it is recommended to use the CSS text-align property instead. The tag can still be used in some email clients, but it is not recommended for web development.

Center-align text in HTML using style attribute

To center-align text in HTML, use the style attribute and set the text-align property to center. The text-align property can be used for headings (

) to center-align them. The align attribute can also be used to specify the alignment of the element or the content present inside the Heading Element. The

align Attribute can be used to specify the alignment of the element or the content present inside the Heading Element.

HTML Heading Tag Explained FULLY

This video will introduce you to the heading tag, one of the fundamental building blocks for HTML Duration: 3:51

Centering text and headers in CSS

The display property can be used to center text and headers in CSS. The display:table-cell; property can be used to center headings vertically and horizontally. Using

elements with the text-align property can be a more flexible way to center content on a webpage. The Flexbox layout can be used in CSS to center content both horizontally and vertically. The Grid layout can also be used in CSS to center content.

Center-align text in table cells in HTML

To center-align text in table cells in HTML, use the style attribute and set the text-align property to center. The text-align property can also be used to center images on a webpage in HTML.

Best practices for HTML and CSS for centering elements

best practices for html and css include using semantic HTML and separating style from content. Common issues when centering elements in HTML include browser compatibility and responsiveness. cheatsheets for html and css can be helpful references for centering elements. Popular programming languages for web development include HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and Python.

Other code examples for centering headings in HTML»

In Html , for example, how to center html heading

Use the "style" tag inline along with "text-align" to do it. For example;  
TEST HEADING
  

In Css as proof, how to center a html header code example

Conclusion

Centering headings and other content in HTML can be done using the text-align property and CSS. The

tag is a deprecated HTML tag and it is recommended to use the CSS text-align property instead. Using CSS to center content can improve the readability and aesthetics of a webpage. Best practices for HTML and CSS include using semantic HTML and separating style from content.

In conclusion, mastering centering headings in HTML is an essential skill for any web developer. By using the techniques and best practices outlined in this blog post, you can ensure that your webpages are visually appealing and easy to read, while also being compatible with different browsers and devices. Remember to always use semantic HTML and separate style from content, and refer to cheatsheets and documentation when needed.

Источник

How to set Heading alignment in HTML?

Headings are the titles or subtitles of the content that you want to display on the web page. Headings help us to get an idea of the content on the web page. Headings and subheadings represent the key concepts ideas and supporting ideas in the content of the web page. HTML have a different level of heading tags.

Heading is defined with to tags. It is important to use headings to show the HTML document structure. headings should be used for main headings, followed by headings, then , and so on up to .

Heading tags in HTML have to tags. To set the heading alignment in HTML, we use the style attribute inside an HTML element. The attribute is used with the HTML to tag, with the CSS property text-align for setting alignment for an element.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for the heading alignment in HTML.

Example

Following is the example program for the heading alignment in the center.

DOCTYPE html> html> body> h1 align="center">Tutorials point h1> body> html> 
 

Heading alignment to left

We can align the heading to left by using the below syntax.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for the heading alignment on left.

Example

Following is the example program for the heading alignment on left.

DOCTYPE html> html> body> h1 align="left">Tutorials pointh1> body> html> 
 

Heading alignment to left

We can align the heading to right by using the below syntax.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for the heading alignment on right in HTML.

Example

Following is the example program for the heading alignment on right.

DOCTYPE html> html> body> h1 align="right">Tutorials pointh1> body> html> 
 

Heading alignment to justify

We can align the heading to justify by using the below syntax.

Syntax

Following is the syntax for the heading alignment in justify in HTML.

Example

Following is the example program for the heading alignment in justify.

DOCTYPE html> html> body> h1 align="justify">Tutorials pointh1> body> html> 
 

Источник